Cic: Practice Exam 1

1. The bacterium most likely to be transmitted from mother to infant during labor and cause neonatal sepsis is: a. Escherichia coli b. Staphylococcus aureus c. Group B Streptococcus d. Group A Streptococcus - Answer-Group B Streptococcus Rationale: In Group B Streptococcus (GBS) neonatal infections, heavy maternal colonization is associated with an increased risk for preterm labor, which in turn is a significant risk factor for neonatal infection. Intrauterine infection of the fetus therefore likely occurs via ascending spread of GBS from the vagina of a pregnant, asymptomatically colonized woman and subsequent rupture of membranes before 37 weeks' gestation. Reference: APIC Text, 4th edition, Chapter 94 - Streptococci 2. Which of the following is an example of the criterion of "Strength of the Association" from Hill's criteria for causation? a. In a study of the association between antibiotic exposure and development of C. difficile infection, the odds ratio was 2:3 b. In a study of the association between antibiotic exposure and development of C. difficile infection, the authors' conclusions are consistent with those of three other studies c. In a study of the association between antibiotic exposure and development of C. difficile infection, antibiotic therapy began an average of 3 weeks before C. difficile infection developed d. In a study of the association between antibiotic exposure and development of C. difficile infection, prolonged antibiotic therapy was a greater risk factor for C. difficile infection than short-term antibiotic therapy - Answer-In a study of the association between antibiotic exposure and development of C. difficile infection, the odds ratio was 2:3 Rationale: Causal associations exist when evidence indicates that one factor is clearly shown to increase the probability of the occurrence of a disease. In a causal relationship, the reduction or diminution of a factor decreases the frequency of the dis