ANCC exam study 2023

1st line HTN therapy? Side effects of medication and how often to give? - Ace inhibitors Cough, hyperkalemia, renal dysfunction (avoid in those with renal artery stenosis) An off label use for Ace Inhibitors and ARB's? - to treat kidney problems caused by diseases (diabetic neuropathy). AKA: protects the kidneys Auricular hematoma - Usually caused by blunt trauma to the ear which should be drained as soon as possible to avoid damage to the cartilage of the ear. If untreated it can result in cauliflower ear BP stages - Definition of otorrhea - Ear discharge Definition of proptosis - Bulging of the eyeball Exam shows "Irregularly irregular rhythm with no P waves" What's the rhythm? - AF Exam shows "Jagged irregular QRS" What's the rhythm? - V-tach Exam shows "Normal P waves but PP interval increases and decreases during inspiration and exhalation" What's the rhythm? - Sinus Arrhythmia Exam shows "ST segment elevation in leads V2 to V4" or "tombstoning" What's the rhythm? - Anterior wall MI or anterior STEMI Most common type of MI Eye structures: Cones? Rods? Macula? Presbyopia? Blepharitis? - Cones are for color perception Rods are for low light vision (night vision) and peripheral vision Macula is responsible for our central vision, sharpest vision and color vision Presbyopia is age related visual changes (stiffening of the lenses) Blepharitis is inflammation of the edges of the eyelids where the eyelashes grow. The oil glands can become clogged and cause red irritated and itchy eyelids. Small scale like dandruff may also be present How is hypertension diagnosed? - Hypertension can be diagnosed after two consecutive visits 1-4 weeks apart.