NUR 1211 Medical Surgical Exam 2- Questions and Answers 2024(GRADED A+)

A nurse is working with a patient who was diagnosed with HIV several months earlier. The nurse should recognize that a patient with HIV is considered to have AIDS at the point when the CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell count drops below what threshold? A) 75 cells/mm3 of blood B) 200 cells/mm3 of blood C) 325 cells/mm3 of blood D) 450 cells/mm3 of blood - ANSWERB) 200 cells/mm3 of blood When CD4+ T-cell levels drop below 200 cells/mm3 of blood, the person is said to have AIDS. A nurse is planning a patients care and is relating it to normal immune response. During what stage of the immune response should the nurse know that antibodies or cytotoxic T cells combine and destroy the invading microbes? A) Recognition stage B) Proliferation stage C) Response stage D) Effector stage - ANSWERD) Effector stage In the effector stage, either the antibody of the humoral response or the cytotoxic (killer) T cell of the cellular response reaches and couples with the antigen on the surface of the foreign invader. A nurse is planning the assessment of a patient who is exhibiting signs and symptoms of an autoimmune disorder. The nurse should be aware that the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune diseases is known to be higher among what group? A) Young adults B) Native Americans C) Women D) Hispanics - ANSWERC) Women Many autoimmune diseases have a higher incidence in females than in males, a phenomenon believed to be correlated with sex hormones. Middle-aged adults are part of an age group that is known to be interested in health and health promotion, and the nurse is planning health promotion activities accordingly. To what suggestions do members of this age group usually respond with enthusiasm? Select all that apply. A) How lifestyle practices can improve health B) How to eat healthier C) How exercise can improve your life D) Strategies for adhering to prescribed therapy E) Exercise for the aging - ANSWERA) How lifestyle practices can improve health B) How to eat healthier C) How exercise can improve your life Young and middle-aged adults represent an age group that not only expresses an interest in health and health promotion but also responds enthusiastically to suggestions that show how lifestyle practices can improve health; these lifestyle practices include nutrition and exercise. Middle-aged adults may not respond positively to teaching aimed at the aging. Adherence is not noted to be a desired focus in this age group. A nurse has been working with Mrs. Griffin, a 71-year-old patient whose poorly controlled type 1 diabetes has led to numerous health problems. Over the past several years Mrs. Griffin has had several admissions to the hospital medical unit, and the nurse has often carried out health promotion interventions. Who is ultimately responsible for maintaining and promoting Mrs. Griffins health? A) The medical nurse B) The community health nurse who has also worked with Mrs. Griffin C) Mrs. Griffins primary care provider D) Mrs. Griffin - ANSWERD) Mrs. Griffin American society places a great importance on health and the responsibility that each of us has to maintain and promote our own health. Therefore, the other options are incorrect. An elderly female patient has come to the clinic for a scheduled follow-up appointment. The nurse learns from the patients daughter that the patient is not following the instructions she received upon discharge from the hospital last month. What is the most likely factor causing the patient not to adhere to her therapeutic regimen? A) Ethnic background of health care provider B) Costs of the prescribed regimen C) Presence of a learning disability D) Personality of the physician - ANSWERB) Costs of the prescribed regimen Variables that appear to influence the degree of adherence to a prescribed therapeutic regimen include gender, race, education, illness, complexity of the regimen, and the cost of treatments. A gerontologic nurse has observed that patients often fail to adhere to a therapeutic regimen. What strategy should the nurse adopt to best assist an older adult in adhering to a therapeutic regimen involving wound care? A) Demonstrate a dressing change and allow the patient to practice. B) Provide a detailed pamphlet on a dressing change. C) Verbally instruct the patient how to change a dressing and check for comprehension. D) Delegate the dressing change to a trusted family member. - ANSWERA) Demonstrate a dressing change and allow the patient to practice. The nurse must consider that older adults may have deficits in the ability to draw inferences, apply information, or understand major teaching points. Demonstration and practice are essential in meeting their learning needs. A 20-year-old man newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes needs to learn how to self-administer insulin. When planning the appropriate educational interventions and considering variables that will affect his learning, the nurse should prioritize which of the following factors? A) Patients expected lifespan B) Patients gender C) Patients occupation D) Patients culture - ANSWERD) Patients culture One of the major variables that influences a patients readiness to learn is the patients culture, because it affects how a person learns and what information is learned. The nurse is planning to teach a 75-year-old patient with coronary artery disease about administering her prescribed antiplatelet medication. How can the nurse best enhance the patients ability to learn? A) Provide links to Web sites that contain evidence-based information. B) Exclude family members from the session to prevent distraction. C) Use color-coded materials that are succinct and engaging. D) Make the information directly relevant to the patients condition. - ANSWERD) Make the information directly relevant to the patients condition. Studies have shown that older adults can learn and remember if the information is paced appropriately, relevant, and followed by appropriate feedback. A nurse is planning care for an older adult who lives with a number of chronic health problems. For which of the following nursing diagnoses would education of the patient be the nurses highest priority? A) Risk for impaired physical mobility related to joint pain B) Functional urinary incontinence related decreased mobility C) Activity intolerance related to contractures D) Risk for ineffective health maintenance related to nonadherence to therapeutic regimen - ANSWERD) Risk for ineffective health maintenance related to non-adherence to therapeutic regimen For some nursing diagnoses, education is a primary nursing intervention. These diagnoses include risk for ineffective management of therapeutic regimen, risk for impaired home management, health-seeking behaviors, and decisional conflict. The nursing instructor has given an assignment to a group of certified nurse practitioner (CNP) students. They are to break into groups of four and complete a health-promotion teaching project and present a report to their fellow students. What project most clearly demonstrates the principles of health- promotion teaching? A) Demonstrating an injection technique to a patient for anticoagulant therapy B) Explaining the side effects of a medication to an adult patient C) Discussing the importance of preventing sexually transmitted infections (STI) to a group of high school students D) Instructing an adolescent patient about safe and nutritious food preparation - ANSWERC) Discussing the importance of preventing sexually transmitted infections (STI) to a group of high school students Health promotion encourages people to live a healthy lifestyle and to achieve a high level of wellness. Discussing the importance of STI prevention to a group of high school students is the best example of a health-promotion teaching project. This proactive inter