NURS 115 Exam 5 Liberty University

Hyponatremia: Causes (135 mEq/L) - -loss of Na+ -vomiting -diuretics -taking in too much water -water follows concentrated Na+ outside of cell -diluted Hypotonic Dilutional Hyponatremia - -water moves from outside of cell to dilute the inside -ADH is released the replenish water outside of the cell -not voiding Hyponatremia: Manifestations - -muscle cramps -weak -altering of consciousness/alertness - Hyponatremia: Treatment - - Hypernatremia: Causes (145 mEq/L) - -decrease in water intake making it look like there is an increase in Na+ because it's not diluted -diarrhea -loss of water but not saltHypernatremia: Manifestations - -seizures -coma Hypernatremia: Treatment - -give ADH -urine osmo=low -blood=high -monitor daily weight Diabetes Insipidus - -inability to concentrate urine -not enough ADH -excessive urine output and thirts Diabetes Insipidus Management - Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone - -failure of a negative feedback system -Too much ADH Manifestations of Edema - -life threatening -limit movment -pitting edema Assessment and Treatment of Edema - - monitor daily weights -measure girth of the affected limb -visual inspection-correct the cause -compression -evaluation -diuretics Hypokalemia: Causes - -laxatives -vomiting -takes insuline and then doesn't eat -constipation Hypokalemia: Manifestations - -muscle weakness -decreased respiratory rate