AQA Psychology A-Level Memory Exam Questions and Answers 2024

AQA Psychology A-Level Memory Exam Questions and Answers 2024 Who developed the Multi-Store Model? - Answer-Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) What are the components of the MSM? - Answer-- Sensory register - Short-term memory - Long-term memory What is the capacity, duration, and coding of the sensory register? - Answer-- Capacity is large - Duration is milliseconds - Coding is sensory (Iconic, echoic, haptic) What is the capacity, duration, and coding of the short-term memory? - Answer-- Capacity is 7+-2 items (Miller, 1956) - Duration is <18 seconds (Peterson and Peterson, 1959) - Coding is acoustic (Baddeley, 1966) What is the capacity, duration, and coding of the long-term memory? - Answer-- Capacity is unlimited - Duration is unlimited (Bahrick et al., 1975) - Coding is semantic (Baddeley, 1966) Peterson and Peterson (1959) - Answer-- Tested the duration of the STM - Participants had to recall a syllable and a 3-digit number - Recall after 3 seconds was 90% correct - Recall after 9 seconds was 20% correct - Recall after 18 seconds was 2% correct - Concluded that the short-term memory had a duration of less than 18 seconds Baddeley (1966) - Answer-- Tested the coding of the STM and LTM - Participants given a two lists of words which were either acoustically or semantically similar - Acoustically similar words were better recalled in the LTM - Semantically similar words were better recalled in the STM and was muddled in the LTM - Concluded that the STM had acoustic coding and the LTM had semantic coding Bahrick et al. (1975) - Answer-- Tested the duration of the LTM - Participants asked to recognise faces and recall names from their yearbook - 15 years after graduation, face recognition was 90% accurate and name recall was 60% accurate - 48 years after graduation, face recognition was 70% accurate and name recall was 30% accurate - Concluded that the LTM has an unlimited duration Arguments for the MSM - Answer-- Lab studies support the existence of separate memory stores - Brain scans show prefrontal cortex is involved with the STM and the hippocampus is involved with the LTM Arguments against the MSM - Answer-- Research suggests that the STM and LTM are split into different stores, so this model is oversimplified - Has been replaced by the WMM more recently - STM relies on the LTM so memory function may not be as linear as the model suggests (Logie, 1999) Who developed the Working Memory Model? - Answer-Baddeley and Hitch (1974) What are the components of the WMM? - Answer-- Central executive - Visuo-spatial sketch pad - Phonological loop - Episodic buffer - Long-term memory Central executive - Answer-- Directs attention to tasks - Allocates resources/information to the three slave systems - Has a limited storage capacity Visuo-spatial sketch pad - Answer-- Stores visual and spatial information - Visual cache processes visual information - Inner scribe stores the spatial arrangement of objects Phonological loop - Answer-- Stores auditory information and chronology of information - Phonological store passively stores auditory information - Articulatory process actively repeats words and phrases a