PSY 3051 Midterm 1: Intro, Attention and Memory Practice Exam Questions And Answers A+ Score 100% Verified.

evidence that vision is effortless ("gist") - correct answer Marry Potter: RSVP (gist) evidence against vision is effortless ("details") - correct answer change blindness visual neglect - correct answer damage to right PL, neglect of left visual space evidence for unconscious processing - correct answer visual neglect: 2 burning houses split brain - correct answer separated hemispheres: left controls speech, right doesn't evidence for conscious processing being misleading - correct answer split brain: confabulation from right brain when info is in left visual field Why is introspection insufficient? (2 reasons) - correct answer 1. Disagreements between individuals (visual efficiency: gist v.s. details) 2. Only accesses conscious thoughts (neglect patients and split brain patients) cognition (=) - correct answer (=) induction induction - correct answer specific => general; ambiguous evidence for cognition=induction (2) - correct answer 1. conditioning rats constrained by assumptions 2. children's word learning Garcia effect - correct answer rats: x-ray => taste aversion shock => avoid environment Children's word learning (3 assumptions they make) - correct answer whole object assumption taxonomic assumption mutually exclusive assumption added assumptions can be... - correct answer innate or acquired cognitive processes are arranged in the brain in two ways: - correct answer modular, non-modular/central Fodor's criteria for a cognitive module - correct answer 1. Domain specificity 2. Innately specified 3. Hardwired domain specificity - correct answer only processes certain kind of info, Fodor's criteria for cognitive module inattentional blindness - correct answer there is no conscious perception without attention inattentional blindness studies - correct answer 1. basketball "7th player" 2. change of fixation point for a task dichotic listening (what is noticed/what is not) - correct answer sound, gender of speaker, from words to tones/english to german, backwards, repetition evidence for early selection model (3): attention modulates... - correct answer 1. Perception: plane dashboard 2. Memory: shapes unattended to = new shapes 3. Brain Activity: facial recognition (inferior TL) evidence for late selection model (4): unattended can affect behavior - correct answer 1. own-name effect 2. GSR: conditioned city names 3. priming 4. Muller-Lyer illusion evidence for perceptual load theory (1) - correct answer decreased difficulty of task attended to = increased processing of ignored stimuli evidence for space-based attention (1) - correct answer posner cueing paradigm posner cueing paradigm - correct answer peripheral cueing is faster than central cueing orienting mechanisms (2) - correct answer 1. exogenous (reflexive): engaged by peripheral cues, fast 2. endogenous (voluntary): engaged by central cues evidence for object-based attention (3) - correct answer 1. Behavioral: adult attention spreading 2. Neuropsych: neglect/extinction patients based on object structure 3. Infant development: basic concepts of how object acts evidence for object-based attention: BEHAVIORAL - correct answer adults dividing attention between two objects is hard, it is easier to spread attention along one object evidence for object-based attention: NEUROPSYCH - correct answer mild neglect patients => extinction when 2 stimuli are presented together they fail to see one further left, unless 2 objects are connected ("one circle" v.s. "dumbbell") evidence for object-based attention: INFANT DEVELOPMENT (4) - correct answer 1. cohesion 2. solidity 3. permanence 4. continuity cohesion - correct answer move together = same object solidity - correct answer solid objects cannot pass through each other permanence - correct answer hidden objects continue to exist continuity - correct answer object passes through all points in path VISUAL SEARCH: Feature Integration Theory (2+1) - correct answer 1. feature maps: what features 2. master map of locations: where (3. attention: needed to integrate these 2 maps) evidence for FIT (4) - correct answer 1. Feature and Conjunction search 2. Search Asymmetry 3. Illusory Conjunction - simultagnosia 4. Neurophysical evidence for FIT: Feature search - correct answer "odd man out", parallel search, easy, does NOT require attention evidence for FIT: Conjunction search - correct answer "have to sort through combo of features", sequential search, harder, DOES require attention evidence for FIT: Search asymmetry - correct answer absence of a feature is harder to detect, familiarity is harder to detect evidence for FIT: illusory conjunction - correct answer without attention, features may be incorrectly bound to locations (colors and letters) simultagnosia - correct answer can attend to one object at a time, HIGH illusory conjunction evidence for FIT: neurophysical - correct answer different brain regions code different features separately, so it would make sense that we need attention to bind these features together RSVP - correct answer Rapid serial visual presentation RSVP: Repetition Blindness - correct answer S-S, Polar/PoPlar RSVP: Attentional Blink - correct answer S-T, white letter/"x"....within next 200-500ms