Bio 198 Module 7

Bio 198 Module 7 Elaborated 100% 3 Functions of the Lymphatic System - 1. Uptake and return of excess interstitial fluid 2. Protection from Disease 3. Absorption of fat in the small intestine 3 Steps in communication of hormones - 1. Signal Reception 2. Signal Transduction 3. Cellular Response 3 Types of muscle and their uses/function - 1. Smooth: wall of organs, involuntary contractions 2. Cardiac: specialized for pumping blood (only in heart) 3. Skeletal: controls movement, attaches to bone and tissue 6 Factors that make up "Animals" - 1. Multicellular 2. Eukaryotic 3. Sexual Reproduction 4. Heterotrophic 5. Lack Cell walls 6. Motile Accessory Organs - Produce enzymes and other substances used in digestion but food does not actively pass through these Acoelomate Definition - No coelom Actin are... - thin filaments Adaptive Immunity - Specific, usually an antibody response to specific antigens ADH - Increases water permeability of the tubules of the nephron Advantages and Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction - Advantages: isolated animals can reproduce, numerous offspring in a short amount of time Disadvantages: Less able to adapt to environment/no genetic variability Advantages and Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction - Advantages: increase genetic diversity, greater ability to adapt to environment Disadvantages: Costs more time and energy, each parent has fewer genes represented among offspring Advantages of having a coelom - 1. Internal organs held in place 2. Further complexity of organs 3. Independent movement of organs and body 4. Fluid protects internal environment Alimentary Canal - Muscle tube through which food processes Ammonia = Urea = Uric Acid = - Fish, most toxic Humans/Mammals Birds/Reptiles, least toxic Anterior - Front Antigen definition - Any protein foreign to the body Arteries carry ________________ Veins carry ____________________ - Oxygenated blood away from the heart Deoxygenated blood to the heart Asymmetry Definition - No particular organization (Sponges) Autonomic - Controls bodily functions without conscious control (sympathetic and parasympathetic) Axon Function - Tube-like structure that propagates the integrated signal to specialized endings B-Cells - Antibody Mediated immunity Bilateral symmetry Definition - Left and right halves, only one cut directly down the middle will produce two equal halves (Goat) Bowman's capsule and Glomerulus (nephron) - Allows larger molecules (like proteins) to be kept in the blood while smaller molecules are filtered out Cell Body Function - Houses the nucleus and organelles Cell Level Organization - Has no germ layers, cells are differentiated to do different jobs Cephalization Definition - Development of a head/sensory structures at one end of the body Close Circulatory System Definition - Blood confined to vessels and is distinct from the interstitial fluid Coelom Definition - Body cavity between organs and body wall Coelomate - True coelom Collecting duct (nephron) - More water absorbed and urine is concentrated Dendrite Function - receives messages