Multidimensional Care II EXAM 2
Normal blood pH - ANS7.35-7.45
Normal PaCO2 - ANS35-45
Normal HCO3 - ANS22-26
If there is an imbalance, you need to first treat the.... - ANScause
What is the Acid Base Imbalance is indication for the administration of Ammonium Chloride?
- ANSmetabolic alkalosis
What is a common electrolyte imbalance identified in renal failure? - ANShyperkalemia
increase acid means decreased... - ANSbicarbonate
metabolic acidosis causes - ANS(ACIDOTIC)
Aspirin toxicityCarbs not metabolized
Insufficiency of kidneys
Diarrhea / DKA
Ostomy
fisTulas
Intake of a high-fat diet
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
what occurs in metabolic acidosis - ANSExcess CO2 in the body, decreased bicarb
How do the lungs compensate for metabolic acidosis? - ANSRapid respirations, in order to
breath off excess CO2
Metabolic acidosis s/s - ANSDeep, rapid breathing (Kussmaul respirations)
Confusion
weakness
hypotension
Cardiac changes due to hyperkalemia
nausea/vomiting
ABGs of metabolic acidosis - ANSpH < 7.35
CO2 < 35
HCO3 < 22
Treatment goal of metabolic acidosis - ANSincrease bicarb to match CO2
, Aspirin toxicity can lead to what ACID-BASE imbalances explain? - ANSMetabolic acidosis,
which leads to respiratory alkalosis
problem in metabolic alkalosis - ANSbase (HCO3) excess, or CO2 deficit
Goal when treating metabolic alkalosis - ANSprevent further loss of CO2
How do the lungs compensate for metabolic alkalosis? - ANSHypoventilation (to keep CO2
in the body)
Causes of metabolic alkalosis - ANS(ALKALI)
Aldosterone production (excessive)
Loop diuretics (loss of K and H+)
alKali ingestion (baking soda)
Anticoagulants
Loss of fluids (vomiting, diarrhea, NG suction)
Increase sodium bicarb administration
Metabolic alkalosis s/s - ANSHypoventilation
Symptoms of hypokalemia (tetany, tremor, muscle weakness, fatigue, EKG changes)
treatment of metabolic alkalosis - ANSTreat underlying cause (stop suctioning, diuretics),
Restore normal fluid volume and replace K+
Problem in respiratory acidosis - ANSexcess CO2 due to respiratory depression
Treatment goal for respiratory acidosis - ANSincrease bicarb
Causes of respiratory acidosis - ANSDrugs (opiates)
Edema
Pneumonia
Respiratory center of brain damaged
Emboli
Spasm of bronchia (asthma)
Sac elasticity of alveolar sac is damaged (COPD)
respiratory acidosis s/s - ANSNeuro changes: confusion, drowsiness
Headache
Respiratory depression
Decreased BP
hyperkalemia
Treatment of respiratory acidosis - ANS· Administer oxygen
· Encourage coughing and deep breathing
· Hold drugs that cause respiratory depression
· Respiratory treatments (such as bronchodilators)
Watch potassium levels (can cause hyperkalemia)
monitor EKG
Normal blood pH - ANS7.35-7.45
Normal PaCO2 - ANS35-45
Normal HCO3 - ANS22-26
If there is an imbalance, you need to first treat the.... - ANScause
What is the Acid Base Imbalance is indication for the administration of Ammonium Chloride?
- ANSmetabolic alkalosis
What is a common electrolyte imbalance identified in renal failure? - ANShyperkalemia
increase acid means decreased... - ANSbicarbonate
metabolic acidosis causes - ANS(ACIDOTIC)
Aspirin toxicityCarbs not metabolized
Insufficiency of kidneys
Diarrhea / DKA
Ostomy
fisTulas
Intake of a high-fat diet
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
what occurs in metabolic acidosis - ANSExcess CO2 in the body, decreased bicarb
How do the lungs compensate for metabolic acidosis? - ANSRapid respirations, in order to
breath off excess CO2
Metabolic acidosis s/s - ANSDeep, rapid breathing (Kussmaul respirations)
Confusion
weakness
hypotension
Cardiac changes due to hyperkalemia
nausea/vomiting
ABGs of metabolic acidosis - ANSpH < 7.35
CO2 < 35
HCO3 < 22
Treatment goal of metabolic acidosis - ANSincrease bicarb to match CO2
, Aspirin toxicity can lead to what ACID-BASE imbalances explain? - ANSMetabolic acidosis,
which leads to respiratory alkalosis
problem in metabolic alkalosis - ANSbase (HCO3) excess, or CO2 deficit
Goal when treating metabolic alkalosis - ANSprevent further loss of CO2
How do the lungs compensate for metabolic alkalosis? - ANSHypoventilation (to keep CO2
in the body)
Causes of metabolic alkalosis - ANS(ALKALI)
Aldosterone production (excessive)
Loop diuretics (loss of K and H+)
alKali ingestion (baking soda)
Anticoagulants
Loss of fluids (vomiting, diarrhea, NG suction)
Increase sodium bicarb administration
Metabolic alkalosis s/s - ANSHypoventilation
Symptoms of hypokalemia (tetany, tremor, muscle weakness, fatigue, EKG changes)
treatment of metabolic alkalosis - ANSTreat underlying cause (stop suctioning, diuretics),
Restore normal fluid volume and replace K+
Problem in respiratory acidosis - ANSexcess CO2 due to respiratory depression
Treatment goal for respiratory acidosis - ANSincrease bicarb
Causes of respiratory acidosis - ANSDrugs (opiates)
Edema
Pneumonia
Respiratory center of brain damaged
Emboli
Spasm of bronchia (asthma)
Sac elasticity of alveolar sac is damaged (COPD)
respiratory acidosis s/s - ANSNeuro changes: confusion, drowsiness
Headache
Respiratory depression
Decreased BP
hyperkalemia
Treatment of respiratory acidosis - ANS· Administer oxygen
· Encourage coughing and deep breathing
· Hold drugs that cause respiratory depression
· Respiratory treatments (such as bronchodilators)
Watch potassium levels (can cause hyperkalemia)
monitor EKG
