BIOS 251 Exam 2- Chamberlain University questions and answers

Mitosis part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides characteristics: 1. development of an individual, composed of some 50 trillion cells, from a one-celled fertilized egg 2. growth of all tissues and organs after birth 3. replacement of cells that die 4. repair of damaged tissues. Prophase Chromosomes become visable and releases into the cytosol, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle fibers form, centrioles lie at each pole of cell, and spindle fibers then tug the chromosomes back and forth until they line up along the midline of the cell. Brainpower Read More metaphase the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell anaphase Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell sister chromatids are generally identical Telophase daughter chromosomes cluster on each side of the cell, rough ER produces a new nuclear envelope around each cluster, and the chromosomes begin to uncoil and return to the thinly dispersed chromatin form, mitotic spindle breaks up and vanishes. Cytokinesis division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells Interphase The time between two successive M phases. G1 phase Growth phase. Longest phase of cell cycle. produces extra organelles. S phase The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated G2 Phase Prepare for mitosis. Make microtubules. further cell growth and organization of cellular contents Meiosis a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes. Differences between mitosis and meiosis 1. Meiosis has two rounds of genetic separation (mitosis twice) and cellular division while mitosis only has one of each. 2. In meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate leading to daughter cells that are not genetically identical. In mitosis the daughter cells are identical to the parent as well as to each other. 3. Meiosis produces gamete cells and mitosis produces diploid cells 4. Meiosis produces 4 cells and mitosis produces 2 plasma membrane Prevents escape of cell contents; regulates exchange of materials between cytoplasm and extracellular fluid; involved in intercellular communication microvilli Increase absorptive surface area; widespread sensory roles (hearing, equilibrium, taste) Cilia Move substances along cell surface; widespread sensory roles (equilibrium, smell, vision) flagellum hair-like projection on a sperm cell that makes it motile microfilaments