Bio 150 Final Exam(2024 Latest Update)Correct 100%.

In comparison to Eukaryotes, Prokaryotes ________ - ANSWER are smaller DNA double helices are soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol. How do these physical properties reflect the chemical structure of the DNA molecule? - ANSWER The charged phosphate groups and sugars of DNA are hydrophilic. Why is it that RNA can catalyze reactions but DNA cannot? - ANSWER The sugar of RNA is much more reactive than the sugar of DNA. Which of the following is a true statement about sexual vs. asexual reproduction? - ANSWER In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit half of their nuclear genes to each of their offspring. Mendel studies seven different traits in the garden pea. What genetic term is used to describe an observable trait, such as those studied by Mendel? - ANSWER phenotype In peas, the allele for round seeds (R) is dominant to the allele for wrinkled seeds (r). What would be the genotype and phenotype ratios of offspring from a cross between Rr and rr individuals? - ANSWER Genotype: 1/2 Rr: 1/2 rr; Phenotype: 1/2 Round: 1/2 Wrinkled The alleles found in haploid organisms cannot be dominant or recessive. Why? - ANSWER Dominance and recessiveness describe which allele is expressed in phenotype when different alleles occur in the same individual. What is plausible evidence supporting the hypothesis that birds evolved from dinosaurs? - ANSWER Fossilized transitional forms are discovered that possess features of birds and dinosaurs yet are difficult to classify into either group. Why do related species share homologous traits? - ANSWER Related species inherited homologous traits from a common ancestor. In biology, fitness is defined as _____. - ANSWER the ability of an individual to produce surviving offspring Over long periods of time, many cave-dwelling organisms have lost their eyes. Tapeworms have lost their digestive systems. Whales have lost their hind limbs. How can natural selection account for these losses? - ANSWER Under particular circumstances that persisted for long periods, each of these structures presented greater costs than benefits. For a gene suspected of causing hypertension in humans, you observe the following genotype frequencies: A1A1 0.574; A1A2 0.339; A2A2 0.087. Is this gene in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Why or why not? (Assume that a difference of three percent or more in any of the observed versus expected frequencies is statistically significant.) - ANSWER No. The expected genotype frequencies are A1A1 0.553; A1A2 0.381; A2A2 0.066.