Exam (elaborations) D307 WGU 3104

What are some motor skills developed in infancy? - ANSWER Dozens of motor skills What motor skills do 2nd year infants develop? - ANSWER Increased coordination What can an 18th month old do? - ANSWER Stack blocks and use fingers to eat crackers What motor skills develop in early childhood? - ANSWER Fine motor skills What physical activities do children do in early childhood? - ANSWER Run, hop, tumble, play, jigsaw puzzles What happens to weight gain in middle childhood? - ANSWER Slow, steady weight gain What motor skills are refined in middle childhood? - ANSWER Fine motor skills What improves in middle childhood? - ANSWER Speed and coordination What happens to girls and boys during adolescence? - ANSWER Girls begin puberty earlier than boys, physical growth slows for both, but boys continue to grow What is the sensorimotor stage? - ANSWER Learning through movement and senses What are some examples of learning in the sensorimotor stage? - ANSWER Sucking, grabbing, looking, listening, crawling What is the preoperational stage? - ANSWER Play and pretend, symbolic thinking, language develops, focuses on self, focuses on one aspect at a time What is the concrete operational stage? - ANSWER Concrete, hands-on experiences, mental reversal, conservation What are some examples of learning in the concrete operational stage? - ANSWER Balloons inflate and deflate, tall skinny glass and short fat glass hold same amount of liquid What is the formal operations stage? - ANSWER Higher order of thinking, abstract and critical thinking, hypothesize, predict, metaphors, systematic problem-solving What is the preconventional stage of moral development? - ANSWER All about me, obedience and punishment, instrumental orientation, no concept of rules, just follows them What is the conventional stage of moral development? - ANSWER All about rules, want approval from others (Good boy, Nice girl), law-and-order, respect authority or policy, rules are set and unchangeable What is the postconventional stage of moral development? - ANSWER All about others, social contract for greater good, dignity, equality, respect, universal-ethical principle, rules and laws are flexible depending on situation, own ethical principles What is the preconventional stage of Gilligan's moral development? - ANSWER I love myself, selfishness What are the stages of Erickson's Psychosocial Development? - ANSWER Trust v. Mistrust, Autonomy v Shame, Initiative v Guilt, Industry v Inferiority, Identity v Role Confusion What is the Language Acquisition Device (LAD)? - ANSWER Innate, instinctive, biological ability to learn language What is Universal Grammar? - ANSWER All languages have structures, patterns, and rules (grammar) What is Skinner's Language Development theory? - ANSWER Children learn language based on reinforcement What is Vygotsky's Language Development theory? - ANSWER Language develops through social interaction What are the stages of Language Development? - ANSWER Babbling, Holophrastic, Two-word, Telegraphic