Nursing Pharmacology (Drugs) Study Guide With Practical Answers/2024.

albuterol - correct answer (SABA) short acting beta 2 receptor agonist, used for bronchospasm, acute symptoms of asthma acetaminophen - correct answer centrally acting cox inhibitor; analgesic and antipyretic properties; no antiinflammatory,antirheumatic properties acyclovir - correct answer Antimetabolite for Treating Herpes Simplex Virus & Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections; MOAs: Purine necleoside analog: DNA polymerase inhibitor, suppresses synthesis of viral DNA, resistance. amiodarone - correct answer Class 3 Potassium channel blocker Only approved for life-threatening dysrhythmias. Delays repolarization and extends action potential of heart muscle cells. SE: Profound hypotension." amoxicillin - correct answer Broad-spectrum penicillin active against H. influenzae, E. coli, and N. Gonorrhoeae. It is inactivated by beta-lactamases, so not helpful for Staphylococcus. atropine - correct answer muscinarinic receptor antagonist/anticholinergic drug; used for mydriases (eye exams), to raise HR, lower GI motility, and as antidote to muscarinic poisoning (rx, shrooms) amphotericin B - correct answer broad spectrum antifungal, which is the agent of choice for systemic mycoses, despite being highly toxic. Its uses are limited to treating progressive and potentially fatal infections. Adverse effects include infusion reactions, nephrotoxicity, and hypokalemia. aspirin - correct answer A drug that decrease platelet aggregation and is used to prevent arterial thrombosis, stroke, or MI. Major SEs include risk of major GI bleeding. This drug is an NSAID that works by inhibiting platelet COX, COX-1, and COX-2. beclomethasone - correct answer inhaled corticosteroid used to treat airway inflammation in asthma bethanechol - correct answer muscarinic agnonist, used primarily for urinary retention buproprion - correct answer (DA and NE). Weight loss, seizure, insomnia, headache, serotonin syndrome (see laundry list above), withdrawal, Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome captopril - correct answer ACE inhibitor - shown to have efficacious effects in treating a patient with heart failure. Blocks production of angiotensin II, dilates arterioles and veins, and decreases release of aldosterone. It may show the adverse effects of hypotension, hyperkalemia, or persistant cough, CARDIAC REMODELING carbenicillin - correct answer "Extended spectrum (antipseudomonal penicillins), which has the same spectrum of activity as broad-spectrum penicillins, plus treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cefotaxime - correct answer "Third generation cephalosporin with activity against meningitis and nosocomial infections resistant to others (restricted use). It has greater activity against Gram negative bacteria, increased resistance to beta-lactamases, and better ability to reach CSF. cephalexin - correct answer "First generation cephalosporin poor activity against Gram negative bacteria, sensitive to to most beta-lactamases, unable to reach CSF. Used for Staphylococcus if mild penicillin allergy. celecoxib - correct answer 2nd Generation Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug (COX-2 Selective NSAID); AE: risk of CV events, warfarin may be more effective with celecoxib cholestyramine - correct answer Inhibits bile reabsorption in intenstine, increases LDL receptors in liver, accelerates bile excretion. Many of the adverse effects result from the drug not being absorbed from GI, including constipation and a decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, & K). ciprofloxacin - correct answer fluoroquinolone broad -cidal. PO tetracycline and cipro should NOT BE GIVEN WITH ANTACIDS. ALSO KNOW IT CAN RUPTURE TENDONS AND CAUSE CANDIDA. " codeine - correct answer antitussive, AE: respiratory depression also weak mu opioid agonist clozapine - correct answer atypical antipsychotic; 2nd Gen. Treats negative symptoms. Greater efficacy than 1st gen. Fewer EPS/tardive dyskinesia side effects. SE: Agranulocytosis and Metabolic effects (Weight gain, diabetes, hyperlipidemia) clonidine - correct answer alpha 2 agonist, HTN drug - vasodilation clavulanic acid - correct answer A penicillinase inhibitor that is combined with a broad spectrum penicillin to increase is bactericidal activity. clopidogrel - correct answer decreases platelet aggregation and is used to prevent arterial thrombosis or stroke. Major SEs include risk of major GI bleeding. This drug is not an NSAID and does not inhibit COX chlorpromazine - correct answer FGA, low potency, treats positive symptoms. SE: Sedation, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects. NOTE: it may take up to 6 weeks to see effects cromolyn - correct answer mast cell stabilizer, inhaled, for asthma or allergies diphenhydramine - correct answer 1st Generation H1 Competitive Antagonist; antihistamine (benadryl), sedation effects digoxin - correct answer "Medication prescribed for treating heart failure and some dysrhythmias. It is an ionotropic agent with narrow therapeutic index. Increases myocardial contractility and cardiac output. Improves symptoms but not shown to increase life expectancy. Significant cardiotoxicity requires monitoring of drug levels and K+ levels epinephrine - correct answer Mixed Alpha/Beta Adrenergic