Child psychology Chapter 2 biological Foundation Questions and Passed Answers 2023/2024

Child psychology Chapter 2 biological Foundation Questions and Passed Answers 2023/2024 Evolutionary psychology - correct answer a branch of psychology that emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and "survival of the fittest" in shaping behavior Chromosomes - correct answer threadlike structures made up of deoxyribonucleic acid, or dna Dna - correct answer a complex molecule that has a double helix shape and contains genetic information Genes - correct answer units of hereditary information composed of dna; direct cells to reproduce themselves and assemble proteins that direct body processes Mitosis - correct answer cellular reproduction in which the cell's nucleus duplicates itself; two new cells are formed, each containing the same dna as the original cell, arranged in the same 23 pairs of chromosomes Meiosis - correct answer a specialized form of cell division that occurs to form eggs and sperm (or gametes) Fertilization - correct answer a stage in reproduction whereby an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell, called a zygote Down syndrome - correct answer a chromosomally transmitted form of mental retardation, caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 Klinefelter syndrome - correct answer a chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra x chromosome, making the xxy instead of xy Fragile x syndrome - correct answer a chromosomal disorder involving an abnormality in the x chromosome, which becomes constricted and often breaks Turner syndrome - correct answer a chromosomal disorder in females in which either an x chromosome is missing, making the person xo instead of xx, or part of one x chromosome is deleted Xyy syndrome - correct answer a chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra y chromosome Phenylketonuria (pku) - correct answer a genetic disorder in which an individual cannot properly metabolize phenylalanine, an amino acid; pku is now easily detected - but, if left untreated, results in mental retardation and hyperactivity Sickle-cell anemia - correct answer a genetic disorder that affects the red blood cells and occurs most often in african americans