NU 216 Cardiac Exam Questions with Correct Answers

NU 216 Cardiac Exam Questions with Correct Answers Lub sound indicates - Answer-closure of AV valves beginning of systole S1 Dub sound indicates - Answer-closure of semilunar valves end of systole/beginning of diastole S2 murmurs are caused by - Answer-incompetent valves or a hole in the septum pulse occurs during - Answer-ventricular systole the surge of blood expands in the artery pulse deficit - Answer-difference between the apical and radial pulse rates right side of the heart is in charge of - Answer-pumping blood to the lungs left side of the heart is in charge of - Answer-pumping blood to the body tricuspid and mitral valves - Answer-work together as gates to the holes between the atrium and ventricle bottom of the heart - Answer-apex top of the heart - Answer-base First Heart Sound (S1) heard best - Answer-heard loudest at apex M1 & T1 at S1 - Answer-mitral slightly precedes tricuspid, but usually heard as a fusion of one sound Second Heart Sound (S2) heard best - Answer-heard loudest at base A2 & P2 at S2 - Answer-aortic precedes pulmonic component S3 Extra Heart Sound (4) - Answer-follows S2/Dub sounds like kentucky heard best at apex ventricular gallop Normal/Abnormal S3 - Answer-normal -children and adults under 30 abnormal -adults over 30 -signifies fluid volume overload in ventricle due to HF or mitral/tricuspid regurgitation when cause of S3 is corrected - Answer-gallop disappears S4 Extra Heart Sound (4) - Answer-Before S1 Tennessee Atrial Gallop Atria contract and push blood into noncompliant ventricle heard best at tricuspid or mitral S4 Abnormality - Answer-always abnormal always has pathology -MI, HTN, Atrial Stenosis Cardiac Murmurs - Answer-blowing, swooshing sound that occurs with turbulent blood flow in the heart or great vessels conditions that result in cardiac murmurs - Answer-1.Increased velocity of blood flow 2.Decreased viscosity of blood flow 3.Structural defects of valves or unusual openings in the chambers murmurs are best heard with - Answer-bell of stethoscope murmurs can be heard - Answer-all over the precordium if you cant hear at mitral landmark - Answer-have pt lay on their side and listen heart normally pumps - Answer-4-6 L of blood per minute cardiac preload - Answer-volume of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole what conditions increase cardiac preload (3) - Answer-hypervolemia regurgitation of cardiac valves heart failure cardiac afterload - Answer-resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood what conditions increase cardiac afterload - Answer-hypertension vasoconstriction inadequate preload most likely will lead to - Answer-low BP increased afterload leads to - Answer-increased cardiac workload how to palpate carotid artery - Answer-One at time, turn head towards side being assessed bruit in carotid artery - Answer-turbulence heard when auscultating carotid artery -indicates artery is stiff shouldn't hear anything besides pulse on carotid artery jugular vein function - Answer-Carries unoxygenated blood directly into the superior vena cava -drains blood from the head visible jugular veins caused by - Answer-CHF -fluid overload developmental differences in pregnant women - Answer-Increased blood volume by 30- 40% -Increased pulse rate -Decreased BP -Normal pulse = increase of 10-15 bpm developmental differences in aging adults - Answer-Increase in systolic BP R/T thickening & stiffening of lg. arteries L ventricular wall thickens due to vascular stiffness leading to the need for increased force Decrease in diastolic BP & with increase systolic BP è increases the pulse pressure Increase in dysrhythmias, changes in EKG, increase in CV disease orthopnea - Answer-difficulty breathing when lying down