Basic biomedical sciences -PCOA exam
questions with 100% correct answers
Organelle that helps green plants synthesis organic compounds like starch in the
presence of sunlight - ANSWER-Chloroplast
Useful to measure the glomerular filtration rate - ANSWER-Creatinine and inulin
Represents the power house of the cell - ANSWER-Mithocondria
The normal creatinine clearance value - ANSWER-80-120 ml/min
Production of ATP is defined as - ANSWER-Endothermic reaction
glucose, fructose, galactose - ANSWER-monosaccharides
sucrose, lactose, maltose - ANSWER-Oligosaccharides
starch and glycogen - ANSWER-polysaccharides
Utilization of ATP - ANSWER-Exothermic reaction
The physical basis of life - ANSWER-Protoplasm
Organisms without any cytoplasmic organizations and devoid of definite nuclear
material - ANSWER-Akaryota (viruses)
Organisms having a primitive type of nucleus (poorly developed nucleus; organelles
present: cell wall, plasma membrane, and ribosomes) - ANSWER-Prokaryotes
(bacteria, blue green algae)
Organisms having a cell with well developed nucleus - ANSWER-Eukaryotes (fungi-
yeast, mushroom)
Are the host for Krebs's cycle - ANSWER-Mitochondria
Helps the formation of plasma and the lysosome membrane - ANSWER-Golgi
apparatus
Extremely small organelles that contain digestive enzymes that help digestion of starch,
glycogen and fat - ANSWER-Lysosomes
Helps the synthesis of proteins - ANSWER-Rough endoplasmic reticulum
,Endoplasmic reticulum is visible in the cytoplasm of all Eukaryotic cells except -
ANSWER-Sperm and egg cells
The synthesis of glucose from sources other than carbohydrates - ANSWER-
Gluconeogenesis
The breakdown of sugar into pyruvate or lactate - ANSWER-Glycolysis
The synthesis of glycogen from glucose - ANSWER-glycogenesis
The breakdown of glycogen into glucose - ANSWER-glycogenolysis
The major source of digestive enzymes - ANSWER-Lysosomes
The oxidation of one glucose molecule gives .......... molecules of H2O during one
Krebs's cycle - ANSWER-6
The oxidation of one glucose molecule gives........molecules of ATP during one Krebs's
cycle - ANSWER-38
The oxidation of one glucose molecule gives...... molecules of CO2 during one Krebs's
cycle - ANSWER-6
Molecules located in thylakoids - ANSWER-Chlorophyll
Essential organelle for the survival of cell - ANSWER-Nucleus
Differentiates the nucleus from the cytoplasm - ANSWER-Nucleolemma
A plant cell is normally formed of - ANSWER-Cellulose
The ratio of the mass of object measured in a vacuum at specific temperature to volume
of an object at the same temperature is defined as - ANSWER-Absolute density
The ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of another substance an equal volume
taken as standard - ANSWER-Specific gravity
The mass of 1 ml of a standard substance at a specific temperature relative to water at
4C - ANSWER-Relative density
The ratio of mass of object measured in air at a specific temperature to the volume of an
object in ml at the same temperature - ANSWER-Apparent density
A small sack like structure filled with liquid and appearing like small dots in the
cytoplasm - ANSWER-Vacuole
,Type of cell division in which chromosomes are equally distributed in each daughter
cell. As result chromosome number in mother cell = chromosomes number in daughter
cells - ANSWER-Mitosis
In this type of cell division chromosomes are divided in half of the original numbers of
chromosomes found in mother cells - ANSWER-Meiosis
Dextrin, inulin, starch, cotton - ANSWER-Polysaccharides
Period between two active divisions during which cell prepares itself for an active
division - ANSWER-Interphase
The period in which the cell synthesizes its structural proteins and enzymes to perform
its functions - ANSWER-The G1 phase of active division
The period when each chromosome is copied and therefore by the end of this phase the
cell has two DNA - ANSWER-S phase of active division
Number of chromosomes per cell in the G1 phase in humans - ANSWER-46
Number of chromosomes in humans in S phase - ANSWER-92
The phase in which the cell prepares for mitosis - ANSWER-G2 phase
Cells that have no chromosomes - ANSWER-Red blood cells
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis - ANSWER-phases of mitosis
Number of chromosomes found in sex cells of humans - ANSWER-23
Number of chromosomes in humans - ANSWER-46
Blue green algae is classified under the...... kingdom - ANSWER-Monera (prokaryotes)
Portion of bacteriophage that play an important role in transferring genetic information -
ANSWER-Core (genome)
Very minute hairlike processes that are present on the cell wall of E.coli - ANSWER-Pili
They help bacteria exhibit movement - ANSWER-Flagella
Present on the cell wall and help bacteria to move - ANSWER-Cilia
Pieces of DNA present in the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell - ANSWER-Plasmids
(episomes)
, Microorganisms which convert complex organic compounds in simple inorganic
compounds - ANSWER-Decimposers
Microorganisms which convert simple organic compounds into simple inorganic
compounds - ANSWER-Transformers
Substance that is isolated from the brain and produces fatty acid, galactose and
sphingosine upon hydrolysis. Also known as cerebrosides. - ANSWER-Glycolipids
They are esters consist of fatty acid, phosphoric acids and nitrogenous compounds
such as lecithin - ANSWER-Phospholipids
They are obtained from plants and animals and they are alcohols structurally related to
steroids (cholesterol, ergosterol) - ANSWER-Sterols
High molecular weight esters consisting of monohydric alcohol and high molecular
weight fatty acids such as spermaceti - ANSWER-Waxes
They are esters of glycerol and fatty acids such as olive oil. - ANSWER-Fixed oils and
fats
They are phospholipids generally hydrolyzed to fatty acid, phosphoric acid and
nitrogenous compounds other than sphingosine - ANSWER-Lecithins
Nitrogen fixing bacteria on root nodules of leguminous plants are known as - ANSWER-
Rhizobium bacteria
They are present in the soil and they convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates and
nitrites this way increasing the fertility of the soil - ANSWER-Azobacteria
example of multiple alleles - ANSWER-RBC (red blood count)- A B and O
The naturally occurring proteins which upon hydrolysis yield only alpha-amino acids -
ANSWER-Albumins, globulins, prolamines, glutelins and albuminoids
Phosphoproteins - ANSWER-Casein, ovovitellin
Nucleoprotein (NP) - ANSWER-Nuclein
Glycoprotein - ANSWER-Mucins
Chromoprotein - ANSWER-hemoglobin
Lipoproteins - ANSWER-Lecithin
Metalloproteins - ANSWER-Tyrosinase, arginase, xanthine, oxidase
questions with 100% correct answers
Organelle that helps green plants synthesis organic compounds like starch in the
presence of sunlight - ANSWER-Chloroplast
Useful to measure the glomerular filtration rate - ANSWER-Creatinine and inulin
Represents the power house of the cell - ANSWER-Mithocondria
The normal creatinine clearance value - ANSWER-80-120 ml/min
Production of ATP is defined as - ANSWER-Endothermic reaction
glucose, fructose, galactose - ANSWER-monosaccharides
sucrose, lactose, maltose - ANSWER-Oligosaccharides
starch and glycogen - ANSWER-polysaccharides
Utilization of ATP - ANSWER-Exothermic reaction
The physical basis of life - ANSWER-Protoplasm
Organisms without any cytoplasmic organizations and devoid of definite nuclear
material - ANSWER-Akaryota (viruses)
Organisms having a primitive type of nucleus (poorly developed nucleus; organelles
present: cell wall, plasma membrane, and ribosomes) - ANSWER-Prokaryotes
(bacteria, blue green algae)
Organisms having a cell with well developed nucleus - ANSWER-Eukaryotes (fungi-
yeast, mushroom)
Are the host for Krebs's cycle - ANSWER-Mitochondria
Helps the formation of plasma and the lysosome membrane - ANSWER-Golgi
apparatus
Extremely small organelles that contain digestive enzymes that help digestion of starch,
glycogen and fat - ANSWER-Lysosomes
Helps the synthesis of proteins - ANSWER-Rough endoplasmic reticulum
,Endoplasmic reticulum is visible in the cytoplasm of all Eukaryotic cells except -
ANSWER-Sperm and egg cells
The synthesis of glucose from sources other than carbohydrates - ANSWER-
Gluconeogenesis
The breakdown of sugar into pyruvate or lactate - ANSWER-Glycolysis
The synthesis of glycogen from glucose - ANSWER-glycogenesis
The breakdown of glycogen into glucose - ANSWER-glycogenolysis
The major source of digestive enzymes - ANSWER-Lysosomes
The oxidation of one glucose molecule gives .......... molecules of H2O during one
Krebs's cycle - ANSWER-6
The oxidation of one glucose molecule gives........molecules of ATP during one Krebs's
cycle - ANSWER-38
The oxidation of one glucose molecule gives...... molecules of CO2 during one Krebs's
cycle - ANSWER-6
Molecules located in thylakoids - ANSWER-Chlorophyll
Essential organelle for the survival of cell - ANSWER-Nucleus
Differentiates the nucleus from the cytoplasm - ANSWER-Nucleolemma
A plant cell is normally formed of - ANSWER-Cellulose
The ratio of the mass of object measured in a vacuum at specific temperature to volume
of an object at the same temperature is defined as - ANSWER-Absolute density
The ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of another substance an equal volume
taken as standard - ANSWER-Specific gravity
The mass of 1 ml of a standard substance at a specific temperature relative to water at
4C - ANSWER-Relative density
The ratio of mass of object measured in air at a specific temperature to the volume of an
object in ml at the same temperature - ANSWER-Apparent density
A small sack like structure filled with liquid and appearing like small dots in the
cytoplasm - ANSWER-Vacuole
,Type of cell division in which chromosomes are equally distributed in each daughter
cell. As result chromosome number in mother cell = chromosomes number in daughter
cells - ANSWER-Mitosis
In this type of cell division chromosomes are divided in half of the original numbers of
chromosomes found in mother cells - ANSWER-Meiosis
Dextrin, inulin, starch, cotton - ANSWER-Polysaccharides
Period between two active divisions during which cell prepares itself for an active
division - ANSWER-Interphase
The period in which the cell synthesizes its structural proteins and enzymes to perform
its functions - ANSWER-The G1 phase of active division
The period when each chromosome is copied and therefore by the end of this phase the
cell has two DNA - ANSWER-S phase of active division
Number of chromosomes per cell in the G1 phase in humans - ANSWER-46
Number of chromosomes in humans in S phase - ANSWER-92
The phase in which the cell prepares for mitosis - ANSWER-G2 phase
Cells that have no chromosomes - ANSWER-Red blood cells
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis - ANSWER-phases of mitosis
Number of chromosomes found in sex cells of humans - ANSWER-23
Number of chromosomes in humans - ANSWER-46
Blue green algae is classified under the...... kingdom - ANSWER-Monera (prokaryotes)
Portion of bacteriophage that play an important role in transferring genetic information -
ANSWER-Core (genome)
Very minute hairlike processes that are present on the cell wall of E.coli - ANSWER-Pili
They help bacteria exhibit movement - ANSWER-Flagella
Present on the cell wall and help bacteria to move - ANSWER-Cilia
Pieces of DNA present in the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell - ANSWER-Plasmids
(episomes)
, Microorganisms which convert complex organic compounds in simple inorganic
compounds - ANSWER-Decimposers
Microorganisms which convert simple organic compounds into simple inorganic
compounds - ANSWER-Transformers
Substance that is isolated from the brain and produces fatty acid, galactose and
sphingosine upon hydrolysis. Also known as cerebrosides. - ANSWER-Glycolipids
They are esters consist of fatty acid, phosphoric acids and nitrogenous compounds
such as lecithin - ANSWER-Phospholipids
They are obtained from plants and animals and they are alcohols structurally related to
steroids (cholesterol, ergosterol) - ANSWER-Sterols
High molecular weight esters consisting of monohydric alcohol and high molecular
weight fatty acids such as spermaceti - ANSWER-Waxes
They are esters of glycerol and fatty acids such as olive oil. - ANSWER-Fixed oils and
fats
They are phospholipids generally hydrolyzed to fatty acid, phosphoric acid and
nitrogenous compounds other than sphingosine - ANSWER-Lecithins
Nitrogen fixing bacteria on root nodules of leguminous plants are known as - ANSWER-
Rhizobium bacteria
They are present in the soil and they convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates and
nitrites this way increasing the fertility of the soil - ANSWER-Azobacteria
example of multiple alleles - ANSWER-RBC (red blood count)- A B and O
The naturally occurring proteins which upon hydrolysis yield only alpha-amino acids -
ANSWER-Albumins, globulins, prolamines, glutelins and albuminoids
Phosphoproteins - ANSWER-Casein, ovovitellin
Nucleoprotein (NP) - ANSWER-Nuclein
Glycoprotein - ANSWER-Mucins
Chromoprotein - ANSWER-hemoglobin
Lipoproteins - ANSWER-Lecithin
Metalloproteins - ANSWER-Tyrosinase, arginase, xanthine, oxidase
