Structure and Function of the Body: Chapter 5

Organ - correct answer Structure made up of two or more kinds of tissue and is organized to perform a more complex function than just one type of tissue System - correct answer Group of organs that together perform a more complex function than does one oragan Major Organ Systems - correct answer 1. Integumentary 2. Skeletal 3. Muscular 4. Nervous 5. Endocrine 6. Cardiovascular 7. Lymphatic and Immune 8. Respiratory 9. Digestive 10. Urinary 11. Reprductive Integumentary System: Major Organ(s) - correct answer Skin -aka integument -Weighs 20 lbs or more in adults -16% of total body weight -heaviest organ Appendages and Glands of the Skin - correct answer Structures attached to a main part -hair -nails -sweat producing -oil producing Integumentary System: Functions - correct answer 1. Protection (primary) -against invasion by harmful bacteria, chemicals, and mechanical injury to underlying structures 2. Regulation -regulates body temp. by sweating and controlling blood flow therefore heat loss at the body surface 3. Synthesizes - important chemicals like Vitamin D 4. Senses -temp., touch, pressure, pain, vibration, etc. 5. Eliminates -water and salt on the skin Skeletal System: Major Organ(s) - correct answer 1. Bones (primary) -206 of them 2. Cartilages -type of tissues -cushion bones that are linked together -connects bone to one another 3. Ligaments -fibrous connective tissues -hold bones together 4. Joints -connection between two or more bones -makes movements possible -without it we would be rigid and immobile Skeletal System: Functions - correct answer 1. Provides protection and a supporting framework for the brain and other internal organs 2.Bones serve as storage areas for important minerals like calcium and phosphorous 3. Forms blood cells in the red marrow of certain bones Muscular System: Major Organ(s) of Skeletal Muscles - correct answer 1. Individual skeletal muscles -made up of skeletal muscle tissue -aka voluntary muscle (ability to contract) 2. Tendons -dense strap or sheet of regular dense fibrous connective tissue -part of muscle organs that attaches the muscle to a bone or another muscle Muscular System: Functions of Skeletal Muscles - correct answer 1. Movement of the body -contract/shorten muscle when stimulated by conscious nerve regulation 2. Maintains stability of the posture (body position) 3. Provides heat to maintain body temp. 4. aka skeletomuscular system Muscular System: Major Organ(s) of Muscles from Other Systems - correct answer 1. Smooth muscle tissue -found in the walls of hollow organs like the stomach and small intestine 2. Cardiac muscle tissue -in the wall of the heart Both are involuntary muscles because regulated by subconscious mechanism Muscular System: Functions of Muscles from Other Systems - correct answer 1. Smooth muscle tissue -helps move fluids through organs -form valves that regulate when fluids move from one section of a hollow organ to another 2.Cardiac muscle tissue -pumps blood through the circulatory system -generate rhythm of the heartbeat Nervous System: Major Organ(s) - correct answer 1. Central Nervous System (CNS) -brain -spinal cord 2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) -cranial nerves -spinal nerves Nervous System: Functions - correct answer 1. Communication to and from body organs 2. Integration of body functions 3. control of body functions 4. Detection of sensory stimuli All are performed by nerve impulses (ie. chewing food normally) 5. Glands secrete hormones or other fluids 6. PNS system -recognize stimuli like heat, light, sound, pressure, or temp. Endocrine System: Major Organ(s) - correct answer 1. Glands -aka ductless glands -secrete chemicals known as hormones into the blood