NURS 5315 Advance Pathophysiology - Exam 3 - UTA
(Urban)
1. Arteriosclerosis: Thick and Hardened
artery HTN | Smoking | Diabetes
Intima is damaged and walls stiffen. Elasticity and compliance
decreases.
2. Atherosclerosis: Fatty Deposits
Plaques form | tissue inflamed | High amount of LDL's (low-density
lipopro- teins=more fat than protein)
3. Hypertension: the force of the blood against the artery walls is
too high. Pre - Stage I - Stage II
4. Preload: Volume of blood returning from the heart.
Normal volume = 4-6ml
5. Afterload: Amount of blood ejected from the heart
6. Contractility: How effectively the heart works to eject blood "toned"
7. Arterial Insufficiency: Muscle tone and the state of the lumen are
compromised.
,8. Aneurysms: A ballooning and weakened area in an artery.
9. Venous Disorders: Chronic Venous Insufficiency
(CVI) Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
10.Valvular Disorders: Gravity Winning - not necessarily
pathogenic Valve Incompetence - pathology invlolved
11.Cardiogenic Shock: Heart suddenly can't pump enough blood to
meet your body's needs
12.What side of the heart is the Arterial side?: The LEFT. OXYGENATED
blood is going "out" via aorta to all arteries and tissues
13.What side of the heart is the Venous side?: The RIGHT.
DEOXYGENATED blood if flowing "in" from all the veins and tissues.
14.Inotropic: POSITIVELY or NEGATIVELY modifying the force or speed
of con- traction of muscles.
pos- pumps
faster neg-
pumps less
15.Systemic Vasodilation: from anaphalaxis or Sepsis
16.Analyphalyaxis: severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.
,It can oc- cur within seconds or minutes of exposure to something
you're allergic to.
Low blood pressure
(hypotension) A weak and
rapid pulse
, 17.In a case of HIGH preload: Volume too LARGE- heart is working too
hard.
CAUSES: Fluid Excess States
1. heart failure
2. iatrogenic fluid overload
3. hormonal imbalances (SIADH)
18.In a case of LOW preload: Volume too SMALL - not enough to sustain
good perfusion
CAUSES:
Fluid volume deficit (bleeding, dehydration, hormonal
imbalances like DI) Systemic vasodilation (blood pools in
periphery- sepsis, anaphylaxis)
19.Afterload problems: Resistance - ANY resistance to forward flow
20.RV Afterload Pathologies: Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
Too High due to: athero/arteriosclerosis of pulmonary vasculature
(narrowed stiff pulmonary artery) Stiff noncompliant lung tissue (lung
disease)
(Urban)
1. Arteriosclerosis: Thick and Hardened
artery HTN | Smoking | Diabetes
Intima is damaged and walls stiffen. Elasticity and compliance
decreases.
2. Atherosclerosis: Fatty Deposits
Plaques form | tissue inflamed | High amount of LDL's (low-density
lipopro- teins=more fat than protein)
3. Hypertension: the force of the blood against the artery walls is
too high. Pre - Stage I - Stage II
4. Preload: Volume of blood returning from the heart.
Normal volume = 4-6ml
5. Afterload: Amount of blood ejected from the heart
6. Contractility: How effectively the heart works to eject blood "toned"
7. Arterial Insufficiency: Muscle tone and the state of the lumen are
compromised.
,8. Aneurysms: A ballooning and weakened area in an artery.
9. Venous Disorders: Chronic Venous Insufficiency
(CVI) Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
10.Valvular Disorders: Gravity Winning - not necessarily
pathogenic Valve Incompetence - pathology invlolved
11.Cardiogenic Shock: Heart suddenly can't pump enough blood to
meet your body's needs
12.What side of the heart is the Arterial side?: The LEFT. OXYGENATED
blood is going "out" via aorta to all arteries and tissues
13.What side of the heart is the Venous side?: The RIGHT.
DEOXYGENATED blood if flowing "in" from all the veins and tissues.
14.Inotropic: POSITIVELY or NEGATIVELY modifying the force or speed
of con- traction of muscles.
pos- pumps
faster neg-
pumps less
15.Systemic Vasodilation: from anaphalaxis or Sepsis
16.Analyphalyaxis: severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.
,It can oc- cur within seconds or minutes of exposure to something
you're allergic to.
Low blood pressure
(hypotension) A weak and
rapid pulse
, 17.In a case of HIGH preload: Volume too LARGE- heart is working too
hard.
CAUSES: Fluid Excess States
1. heart failure
2. iatrogenic fluid overload
3. hormonal imbalances (SIADH)
18.In a case of LOW preload: Volume too SMALL - not enough to sustain
good perfusion
CAUSES:
Fluid volume deficit (bleeding, dehydration, hormonal
imbalances like DI) Systemic vasodilation (blood pools in
periphery- sepsis, anaphylaxis)
19.Afterload problems: Resistance - ANY resistance to forward flow
20.RV Afterload Pathologies: Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
Too High due to: athero/arteriosclerosis of pulmonary vasculature
(narrowed stiff pulmonary artery) Stiff noncompliant lung tissue (lung
disease)
