MIC 102 Final Test Questions with Correct Answers

MIC 102 Final Test Questions with Correct Answers How would you describe a bacterium that has many flagella originating at a single pole of the cell? A. axial filament B. lophotrichous c. monotrichous d. pertrichous e. perpendicular filament - Answer-B. lophotrichous Some "microbial" species like Epulopiscium fishelsoni can grow large enough to be seen by the naked eye. What does a cell typically have to do to be able to handle the most critical problem of growing to such a large size? a. creates a series of internal gas vesicles to increase buoyancy b. creates a smooth surface to decrease the cell's surface area c. creates folds in the cell membrane to increase the cell's surface area. d. cover cell in a layer of crystalline layer of protein to provide rigidity. - Answer-c. creates folds in the cell membrane to increase the cell's surface area. Bacterial Topoisomerase can facilitate which of the following activities. - Answer- converting a negatively supercoiled chromosome to the relaxed state converting a positively supercoiled chromosome into the relaxed state DNA synthesis on the lagging strand: - Answer--Requires DNA ligase enzyme activity to complete. -requires multiple instances of primase activity as it progresses If you wanted to track the localization of the FtsZ protein in living cells, which type of microscopy would you use? - Answer-fluorescence Which type of macromolecule makes up most of a cell's mass and requires most of the cell's energy to synthesize? - Answer-Protein Which of the following types of photosynthesis would be considered non-cyclic? - Answer-- the electron donor is H2O -the electron donor is a reduced sulfur compound like H2S Lipopolysaccharide is found: - Answer-in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria LUCA probably had all of the following properties except: - Answer-a cell wall containing peptidoglycan In order to assimilate sulfur from the environment into cell material - Answer-sulfur must be reduced prior to assimilation A transport type that phosphorylates the transported substrate as it enters the cell is: - Answer-group translocation The bacterial pilus - Answer--can be used to attach to surfaces -changes length dynamically by polymerization and depolymerization -is assembled primarily out of a single protein monomer Bacteria and Archaea share many features of their cell envelopes, but which feature can only be found among the Archaea? - Answer-a cell membrane that is a lipid monolayer Which of the following is true of the average bacterial nucleoid? - Answer-There is a single circular chromosome Initiating DNA replication requires a sufficient supply of ATP and the accumulation of this protein - Answer-DnaA You are working with a gut bacterium that forms enterosomes. What do you expect to happen if you give this bacterium an antibiotic compound that pokes holes in the enterosomes? - Answer-The cell will no longer be able to safely metabolize compounds like propanediol Why does a chemoautotroph sometimes need to run its electron transport chain backwards? - Answer-To generate NADH which is not made when the transport chain is run forwards You are studying the growth of E. coli and for one experiment you decide to use M9 medium. Composition fully listed. After experimentation, you determine that E.coli can grow in this exact medium, but it cannot grow if any component is missing or added. What can you say about this medium? - Answer--M9 is a defined growth medium -M9 is a minimal growth medium for E.coli Glucose fermentation by some microbes can result in the accumulation of acids such as acetate and lactate in the medium. The accumulation of these acid byproducts is often toxic to the cell that makes them, but they do it anyways because fermentation is necessary to: - Answer-continue ATP production by substrate-level phosphorylation An organism that has proteins constructed to withstand denaturing, increased amounts of DNA-binding proteins, and an increased activity of reverse gyrase to form positive supercoils in the chromosome is probably well adapted to grow in what type of environment. - Answer-high temperature A sigma factor - Answer-is necessary for RNA polymerase promoter-binding specificity If you were trying to construct your own tree of life to determine the relationships between all living organisms on earth, which single gene would be the best for you to use? - Answer-the gene encoding the small ribosomal RNA The function of FtsZ was determined in part by using a temperature-sensitive ftsZ mutant. What is the phenotype of an ftsZ mutant when it is grown at 42 C? - Answer- cells do not divide, and turn into long filaments