Bcacp - Stats & Study Design Exam Questions And Answers 2024.

Define internal validity Is the study design legit to come to its conclusions? Define external validity can you generalize the study results outside teh study setting? What is the benefit of a case resport/case series (note, not a study) allows hypothesis generation (quinolong Qt) What is an observational study dsign? What is a drawback o fthis method? Does not involve investigator intervention, only observation; these studies investigate associations, not causes What is a case-control study (or retrospective study) Study the exposure or what happened in a group that has the outcome of interest (example lung cancer, did they work in oil fields) How to minimize bias in case control study? Cases and controls are selected in teh same way What is the measure of association in a case-control study? OR - odds of exposure to a factor in those with a condition or disease compared to those who do not have condition Cohort (another observational design) definistion? determine association between an exposure/or factors and a disease/condition..have a study sample, some have a risk facotr and others dont, some have the outcome being looked at and somedont in each group What is a cross-sectional study? prevalence study, identify prevalence or characteristics of a condition in a group of individuals (how many pregnant women are using headache medication) define incidence? number of new cases of disease per population in specified time (divide number of individuals who develop a disease during a time period by the number of individulas who were at risk of developing a disease during the same time period) Define prevalence number o findividuals who have condition/disease at any given time how to calculate OR/RR? incidence of disease in expose group divided by incidence of disease in unexposed group RR 1 means what? OR 1 means what? RR risk of disease is lower in the exposed group; OR odds of exposure lower in diseased group How to interprest RR and OR of 0.75? 25% reduction in the risk/odds how to interpret RR and OR 1.5 50% increase in risk/odds