RBC 1 Study Guide questions and answers graded A+

case law - Answer-Court opinions that are issued over time through the power of judicial review circumstantial evidence - Answer-Evidence that does not prove a fact directly, but rather is personal knowledge or observations from which deductions are drawn consent search - Answer-Search conducted with consent that is voluntary and obtained from a person with the authority to give that consent contemporaneous - Answer-Search conducted at or near the time of arrest, although either can precede the other, at or near the place of the arrest, and while the arrestee is still on the scene curtilage - Answer-Relatively small and usually well-defined area immediately around a residence to which the private activities of the home extend, and in which the owner has an expectation of privacy custodial arrest - Answer-Arrest in which the suspect will be transported to a station, jail, detox center, juvenile hall, or school custodial lineup - Answer-Identification procedure in which the victim or witness to a crime is asked to look at a number of individuals within a custodial environment in an attempt to identify the suspect (also known as a physical lineup) direct evidence - Answer-Evidence that proves a fact directly, without an inference or presumption (e.g., the sale of a controlled substance to an undercover officer) evanescent evidence - Answer-Evidence that will change or be lost over time exigent circumstances - Answer-An emergency situation requiring swift action to prevent imminent danger to life, serious danger to property, imminent escape of a suspect, or the destruction of evidencefield showup - Answer-Viewing of a suspect by the victim or witness that commonly occurs in the field shortly after a crime has been committed implied consent - Answer-By obtaining a driver's license in California a person has agreed to chemical testing without a warrant (i.e., blood, breath, urine) knock and notice - Answer-Before entering a dwelling to serve a search warrant, officers must give notice to persons inside through certain actions motor vehicle - Answer-Self-propelled vehicle (e.g., automobiles, airplanes, buses, recreational vehicles, carts, etc.) nexus - Answer-A reasonable connection or link between two or more items objective reasonableness - Answer-Whether society is prepared to recognize an individual's expectation of privacy as reasonable open fields - Answer-Outdoor real property, outside the curtilage of the residence overflight - Answer-Flight of a plane or helicopter over a given area parole - Answer-Extension of a felon's sentence, that is, an additional specific period of time (usually three years) which a person must serve on the "outside" after having completed the actual prison sentence passenger compartment - Answer-Passenger Compartment can be considered to include all areas accessible to occupants within the vehicle photographic spread - Answer-Identification procedure in which the victim or witness to a crime is asked to look at a number of photographs in an attempt to identify the suspect (also known as a photographic lineup)plain view - Answer-Objects in the line of sight of an officer who has the right to be in that position are subject to seizure without a warrant if the officer has lawful access to the object(s) probable cause exception - Answer-Warrantless vehicle search based on probable cause that the vehicle contains contraband or evidence of a crime. Also referred to as the "automobile exception," or the "vehicle exception" probable cause plus - Answer-Additional show of need, beyond the usual probable cause, required for bodily intrusion warrants probable cause to search - Answer-Enough credible information to provide a fair probability that the object the peace officers seek will be found at the place they want to search probation - Answer-Sentencing alternative for a person convicted of a criminal offense granted at a judge's discretion protective search of a vehicle - Answer-Limited warrantless search of the passenger compartment of a vehicle for weapons protective sweep - Answer-Brief search of a house or building to look for individuals only public access area - Answer-Any area that the general public or some members of the public have been given either express or implied permission to be in reasonable expectation of privacy - Answer-When individuals have indicated that they personally (subjectively) expect privacy in the object or area, and their expectation is one which society is prepared to recognize as legitimate reasonable inference - Answer-Act of drawing a conclusion from a fact; it is similar to making a presumption (e.g., seeing smoke and inferring there is a fire) search - Answer-Governmental infringement or intrusion upon an expectation of privacy that society is prepared to consider reasonablesearch warrant - Answer-Written order, in the name of the people, signed by a magistrate, directed to a peace officer, commanding the officer to search for a person or persons, a thing or things, or personal property, and, in the case of a thing or things or personal property, to bring the same before the magistrate (Penal Code Section 1523)