This is the second report for the elective Psychological Science. It contains all necessary items and is written in English. In this report, we had to write an abstract and correct a list of references. I finalized these reports with an average grade around the 8.0.
Report 2
Jolien van der Velden – 408862
Tutor: Kevin van Schie
Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam
Part 2A
The Influence of Cigarette-Craving on Zoning Out While Reading
Cigarette-craving seems to affect cognitive processes, such as people’s vulnerability to mind
wandering (zoning out). People get distracted and their ability to notice this distraction,
known as meta-awareness, is affected. Forty-four participants were in a craving state or low
craving state and had to perform a reading task. This study examined whether the participants
zoned out or not during the reading task and if the participants were aware of this. Participants
in the craving condition had worse reading comprehension and zoned out more than 3 times
as often as participants in the low craving condition, but were not more likely to notice the
distraction. Craving cigarettes distracts people from the task at hand, but they do not notice
this distraction.
Part 2B
Notes: The reference “Porter (2006) is removed from the text, since the reference wasn’t in
the reference list itself. The article from Doyle (2004) is removed from the reference list,
because his article wasn’t referenced in the text. Since it was unclear whether the references
“Johnson (2000)” referenced to his first or second article, I changed the references to
“Johnson (2000a/2000b)”.
Emotion and Cognition
Emotion and cognition affect each other, as has been shown in several studies
(Zjelezovski, Watkins, & Randalf, 2005). Clark (1982) was the first to conduct a study on the
influence of emotion on memory. He showed that participants remembered emotionally
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