NR 283 /NR283 PATHO EXAM 1, 2, 3 AND FINAL EXAM CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE EXAM OVER 500 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS AND RATIONALES /A+ GRADE ASSURED

What reaction in the body inhibits bacterial growth and causes the liver and spleen to remove iron in the body that some bacteria use for growth? - ...ANSWER...fever What do cells release when they are attacked by viruses? - ...ANSWER...inferferons Where do interferons travel to and why? - ...ANSWER...They spread the infected cells to trigger the making of enzymes that would inhibit the viral replication What system with about 20 blood plasma proteins gets activated to attack the bacteria, causing it to let water into the bacteria's cell to swell, burst, and die? - ...ANSWER...the complement system What is the process called that starts with vasodilation; increases permeability of vessels for the WBCs, macrophages, and plasma to go to the foreign cells; and forms a coat around the microbe to kill them? - ...ANSWER...phagocytosis Interleukin six is produced primarily by which type of cell? A. Macrophages, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts B. Macrophages - ...ANSWER...A. Macrophages, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts Which are the most predominate proinflammatory factors? A. interleukins B. RBC C. WBS - ...ANSWER...A. interleukins In regards to wound healing, what is primary union? - ...ANSWER...Wound edges can be matched together with serum and regeneration of tissue and connecting capillaries, fibroblasts, and laying of collagen that pulls the sides together when they shrink. There is typically very little tissue loss (e.g., surgical skin incision). In regards to wound healing, what is secondary union? - ...ANSWER...It is a greater area of tissue loss and more inflammation. Greater amounts of tissue replacement, scar formation, and wound contraction result in a more lengthy healing process (e.g., late stage pressure ulcer). A client receiving an influenza vaccine (flu shot) asks when the immunization will be effective. The nurse response based on the knowledge that after receiving the vaccine, the levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM) are high enough to provide immunization (select all that apply) A. in 7 days B. after 24 hours C. in 10 days D. in 48 hours E. in 14 days F. immediately - ...ANSWER...A. in 7 days C. in 10 days E. in 14 days And elderly client is concerned about catching influenza. The nurse understands that which immune system function changes occur with increased age? (select all that apply) A. Decreased levels of circulating autoantibodies B. Increased thymic hormone production C. Diminished T cell function D. Reduced antibody response - ...ANSWER...C. Diminished T cell function D. Reduced antibody response differentiate between the terms metaplasia and malignant neoplasm - ...ANSWER...METAPLASIA - occurs when one mature cell type is replaced by different mature cell type is functional MALIGNANT NEOPLASM - referred to as cancer and involve dysplastic tissues Describe the changes in a cell that lead to: A. loss of function B. necrosis - ...ANSWER...A. LOSS OF FUNCTION - preceded by changes in so metabolism because of changes in structure and function B. NECROSIS - the death of groups of cells caused by processes such as cells being liquefied by certain enzymes (liquefaction necrosis), cell proteins being altered or denatured (coagulative necrosis), breakdown of fats by enzymes (fat necrosis), or formative of a thick "cheesy" substance that later leads to liquefication (caseous necrosis) Apoptosis - ...ANSWER...programmed cell death gangrene - ...ANSWER...an are of ischemic and necrotic tissue that has been invaded by bacteria CJ is having surgery next week to remove a malignant breast tumor following discovery of a lump in the breast and a biopsy. her mother and aunt have had breast cancer. CJ is taking medication for high blood pressure. Match the significant information in the preceding question to the appropriate term: diagnosis, medical history, etiology, prognosis, benign neoplasm, iatrogenic, signs, complication, treatment, cancer, examination of living tissue. (some terms may not be used or may be used more than once) - ...ANSWER...malignant breast tumor and high blood pressure = diagnosis high blood pressure and family cancer = medical history medication = treatment surgery = treatment and diagnosis biopsy = examination of living tissu