Cosmetology Texas State Board Written Exam 827 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

Cosmetology Texas State Board Written Exam 827 Questions with Verified Answers When razor cutting it is recommended that the hair be cut? - CORRECT ANSWER Wet When cutting extremely curly hair it is recommended that the hair be cut? - CORRECT ANSWER Dry When cutting kinky hair, it is recommended the hair be cut? - CORRECT ANSWER Dry after straightening Which governmental agency mandates the use of a P.D. Test prior to using aniline derivative tints? - CORRECT ANSWER Food and Drug Administration Clients hair has lightened to a Level 6, what is the exposed underlying pigment color and what is the correct toner shade to achieve a neutral color? - CORRECT ANSWER Orange; Blue When giving a scissor haircut, the guideline is generally? - CORRECT ANSWER Below your fingers The amount of hair on a person's head is referred to as? - CORRECT ANSWER Density Hair with its cuticle in place and tightly closed is said to have? - CORRECT ANSWER Poor Porosity Pediculosis Capitis is? - CORRECT ANSWER Head Lice In the "shears-over-comb" technique, if the comb is held at an angle, the - CORRECT ANSWER Hair will be shorter The red dermal light is used to treat? - CORRECT ANSWER Dry Skin When using a hot iron, curling the hair from the ends towards the scalp is referred to as - CORRECT ANSWER Croquignole curling What type of roller set (wet set) placement would create the most volume? - CORRECT ANSWER On Base In a pin-curl set, the clippies are inserted at the - CORRECT ANSWER Open End The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution is known as - CORRECT ANSWER pH The perimeter of the haircut is found at the - CORRECT ANSWER Outer Edge Which of the following lines would be used to add weight/ volume in a haircut? - CORRECT ANSWER Horizontal Which of the following is not a term used when referring to human hair wigs? - CORRECT ANSWER Clubbed The tissue beneath the Free Edge of the nail is known as - CORRECT ANSWER Hyponychium In hair cutting, angles below 90 degrees are used to primarily to - CORRECT ANSWER Build Weight This type of guideline is used when you want to create a gradual increase in weight or length. - CORRECT ANSWER Stationary Another name for Telsa (high frequency) current is? - CORRECT ANSWER Violet Ray When giving a razor haircut, the guideline is generally? - CORRECT ANSWER Above Your Fingers Remy hair is? - CORRECT ANSWER Human hair with the cuticle intact. The type of relaxer is usually advertised as a "No-Lye" and marketed for "Sensitive Scalps" - CORRECT ANSWER Guanidine Most relaxers on the market contain? - CORRECT ANSWER Sodium Eye Tabbing involves? - CORRECT ANSWER The application of individual lashes. When cutting hair using "Double-Notched" thinning shears, what will be the result? - CORRECT ANSWER Removes less hair than with "Single-Notch" shears In hair cutting, the area above the parietal crest is referred to as the? - CORRECT ANSWER Interior A "hand-tied" or "hand-knotted" wig is a? - CORRECT ANSWER Cap Wig Process where the Sodium Hydroxide Relaxer removes one atom of sulphur from the disulphide bond? - CORRECT ANSWER Lantionization The "shear-over-comb" method usually employs this type of comb? - CORRECT ANSWER Barber Comb What is the effect of "Certified Colors" on the hair shaft? - CORRECT ANSWER Coat the cuticle A "weft" will be found in a? - CORRECT ANSWER Capless Wig Turned Hair is? - CORRECT ANSWER Hair with cuticle "turned" in one direction All of the following are true of Guanidine Relaxers except - CORRECT ANSWER Have a lower pH than most thio relaxers. Neutralizers, Stabilizers, and Fixatives all tend to fall where on the pH scale? - CORRECT ANSWER Below 7 Vellus hair can be distinguished from lanugo hair, because - CORRECT ANSWER Vellus hair has little or no pigment. The hair found on a man's face is referred to as - CORRECT ANSWER Barba Machine made wigs are? - CORRECT ANSWER Capless Wigs Can not be thermal styled or wet set. - CORRECT ANSWER Synthetic hair wigs This agency approves and regulates the efficacy of products used for disinfection. - CORRECT ANSWER EPA Client's hair has been lightened to pale yellow, client wants it neutral (no warm or ash tones, use - CORRECT ANSWER Violet Toner The even mixture of blue and yellow makes? - CORRECT ANSWER Green Which of the following pin-curl sets will create the MOST volume? - CORRECT ANSWER No stem Which of the following pin-curl sets will create the LEAST volume? - CORRECT ANSWER Half Stem Which of the following roller-sets will create the MOST volume - CORRECT ANSWER On Base The point where the nail enters the skin at the nail base is referred to as the? - CORRECT ANSWER Eponychium Client's hair has lightened to palest yellow, stylist applies a blue toner. What is the result? - CORRECT ANSWER Green What should be done before each client? - CORRECT ANSWER Sanitize Hands What do use on your client if they are bleeding? - CORRECT ANSWER Powdered allum What kind of shampoo is used on oily hair? - CORRECT ANSWER Balancing When should you clean the neck on the shampoo bowl? - CORRECT ANSWER After each use What do you use to increase the diameter of the hair? - CORRECT ANSWER Protein Conditioner A 180 degree haircut will give you? - CORRECT ANSWER Long Layers All belong to a pin curl except? - CORRECT ANSWER Barrel Either a finger wave or the shape you are looking for when you cold wave is an: - CORRECT ANSWER S-Shape What perm would you use on extreme porous hair? - CORRECT ANSWER True Acid Wave What is the benefit for using a low pH perm? - CORRECT ANSWER Minimal Swelling What should you NOT do while shampooing if a client is getting a chemical service? - CORRECT ANSWER Scratch the scalp Why could your license be suspended? - CORRECT ANSWER You are a threat to public. How do you renew your license? - CORRECT ANSWER Mail in an application. How many hours do you need before working on a client in a secondary education school? - CORRECT ANSWER 150 How many hours do you need before working on a client in a public beauty school? - CORRECT ANSWER 250 What would you use a double process color on? - CORRECT ANSWER Gray Hair When using a dryer, the tool that would give you a curly look is a? - CORRECT ANSWER Diffuser Which method is best for putting extensions in finer hair? - CORRECT ANSWER Fusion What is a crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis? ie: chapped lips or hands - CORRECT ANSWER Fissure The main reason a client desires a wig is because they are experiencing? - CORRECT ANSWER Hair loss A three strand, underhand braid on the scalp. - CORRECT ANSWER Corn Rows Hair braided when wet can? - CORRECT ANSWER Cause breakage. To take bulk out of a wig you must? - CORRECT ANSWER Layer it Linens should be cleaned with? - CORRECT ANSWER Bleach Clean floors with? - CORRECT ANSWER Bleach Acetone on acrylic nails will? - CORRECT ANSWER Dissolve the acrylic. White spots on the nail caused by damage to the base of the nail. - CORRECT ANSWER Leukonychia You can still give a manicure to a client that has? - CORRECT ANSWER Blue nails What do you get when you mix two primary colors together? - CORRECT ANSWER Secondary Color Bacilli bacteria can cause? - CORRECT ANSWER Tetanus Pyogenic granuloma is what color? - CORRECT ANSWER Red Another name for an alkaline wave is? - CORRECT ANSWER Cold Wave What side bonds are broken when giving a perm? - CORRECT ANSWER Disulfide Which side bonds are broken during a wet set? - CORRECT ANSWER Hydrogen How many inches away from the scalp do you start applying a virgin hydroxide relaxer? - CORRECT ANSWER Half-inch Which of the following are part of the hair shaft? Medulla or Follicle? - CORRECT ANSWER Medulla Which color process does not make a chemical change in the hair? - CORRECT ANSWER Temporary Powdered lighteners are used? - CORRECT ANSWER Off the scalp A licensed facialist can perform? - CORRECT ANSWER Tweezing Level is the measurement use to identify? - CORRECT ANSWER Darkness Adding darker strands to the hair is called? - CORRECT ANSWER Lowlighting What percent can wet hair with normal elasticity stretch to? - CORRECT ANSWER 50% A high pH perm is used for which type of hair? - CORRECT ANSWER Resistant A piggyback perm is used on? - CORRECT ANSWER Long hair What type of comb is used to detangle wet hair? - CORRECT ANSWER Wide Tooth The cortex is where what change takes place? - CORRECT ANSWER Chemical Change The hair should be ___ when you use a razor? - CORRECT ANSWER Wet The outer layer of the skin - CORRECT ANSWER Epidermis Which bacteria is harmless? - CORRECT ANSWER Nonpathogenic How are spores killed? - CORRECT ANSWER Sterilization Ringworm of the foot. - CORRECT ANSWER Tinea Pedis A ringworm of the nail. - CORRECT ANSWER Tinea Ungium A sebaceous cyst or fatty tumor. - CORRECT ANSWER Steatoma At what age do you have to be to get a license? - CORRECT ANSWER 17 To change your salon address who do you notify? - CORRECT ANSWER TDLR To practice cosmetology without a license is a what? - CORRECT ANSWER Felony Where does your license need to be displayed at? - CORRECT ANSWER Workstation TDLR can revoke a salon license and charge ___ if they ___. - CORRECT ANSWER $1000; Do not have sterilized equipment. If a cosmetologist from another state wants to obtain a Texas license, they will have to a pay fee and show proof ___. - CORRECT ANSWER They are licensed in a state that has the same requirements as Texas. What is the first step for gel nails with a UV light? - CORRECT ANSWER Clean nails What is the first step for nails with tips? - CORRECT ANSWER Buff nails What does a client have if they have white spots on their nails? - CORRECT ANSWER Leukonchyia What is a sign of an advance stage nail infected with bacteria? - CORRECT ANSWER Nail is black in color. What do you ask the client if they have athletes foot? - CORRECT ANSWER To see a doctor. What is a squoval nail shape? - CORRECT ANSWER Square center and oval edges. What is used to remove callus? - CORRECT ANSWER Foot file What kind of foot file should you never use? - CORRECT ANSWER Razor What should you throw away after a nail service? - CORRECT ANSWER Emery boards What do you do with all dust and debris and hair on the floor? - CORRECT ANSWER Cleaned and swept after each client. What disinfectant is acceptable in a salon? - CORRECT ANSWER Sodium Hypochlorite What do you disinfect salon equipment and countertops with? - CORRECT ANSWER Quats Implements that are solid but did not come into contact with blood or bodily fluids must be what? - CORRECT ANSWER Clean with soap and water then disinfected. Metal or non-porous implements that come into contact with blood or bodily fluid must be what? - CORRECT ANSWER Cleaned then sterilized in an autoclave. Porous implements that come into contact with blood or bodily fluids must be what? - CORRECT ANSWER Double bagged and discarded in a bio hazard container. What is the maximum stretch of normal dry hair? - CORRECT ANSWER 5% Traveling guideline creates a what? - CORRECT ANSWER Uniform layer haircut What is a diffuser? - CORRECT ANSWER Attachment for a blow dryer. High frequency telsa electrical current machine can not be used if the ___? - CORRECT ANSWER Client has lotion on face that contains alcohols. In a wet set what bonds are broken? - CORRECT ANSWER Hydrogen Bonds Where do you the chemical changes occur? - CORRECT ANSWER Cortex Layer What should you apply to hair if hair is chemically damaged? - CORRECT ANSWER Cream Conditioner What does OSHA stand for and what is it? - CORRECT ANSWER Occupational Safety and Health Administration: A federal agency that regulates and investigates safety and health standards in work locations. Set of Guidelines and controls. Published by the centers for disease control and prevention (CDC), that require the employer and the employee to assume that all human blood and specified human bodily fluids are infections for HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens - CORRECT ANSWER Universal Precautions EPA - CORRECT ANSWER Enviornmental Protection Agency: gives licenses to certain disinfectants. Two types used in salon; Hospital and Tuberculocidal 3 Steps of Decontamination - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Sanitation (lowest) - removing cisible dirt or debris. 2. Disinfection - the process that kills most but not all microorganisms. 3. Sterilization (highest) - complete elimination of all microbial life. Proper Use of Disinfectants - CORRECT ANSWER All implements must be thoroughly cleaned of all visible matter or residue before soaking in disinfectant. Use caution when using a disinfectant so that it does not get on skin. Certain viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi that can cause disease. - CORRECT ANSWER Pathogens Selecting a shampoo according to the condition of the clients hair and scalp. - CORRECT ANSWER Shampooing Help restore and give it body, or to protect against possible breakage. - CORRECT ANSWER Conditioning Involves manipulations performed on the scalp to relax the muscles and stimulates blood circulation and helps relax the client. - CORRECT ANSWER Scalp Massage Verbal communication with a client to determine desired results. - CORRECT ANSWER Client Consultation -Always palm shears/ razor when combing and parting the hair. -Do not cut past the second knuckle when cutting below your fingers -Take big precautions when performing short haircuts or cutting around the ears. Cuts on ears can produce a lot of blood. -When cutting close to the skin, balance shears by placing the tip of the index finger of your left hand on the pivot screw and knuckles of your left hand against the skin. Prevents clients from being accidentally poked with shears if moved. -When working with razor, learn with guard. -Take extra care when removing and disposing of the razor blade. Place in its original sleeve, or wrap it in a a paper towel to prevent others from getting hurt. - CORRECT ANSWER Safety in Haircutting A blot clot formed under the nail. - CORRECT ANSWER Bruised Nails Have a thin nail plate and more flexible than normal. (It is safe to perform services on.) - CORRECT ANSWER Eggshell Nails Depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate. - CORRECT ANSWER Beau's Lines A condition of the skin around the nail plate that splits and tears. Splitting of the cuticle. - CORRECT ANSWER Hangnails (Agnail) White Spots or white discoloration of the nail plate. - CORRECT ANSWER Leukonchyia Darkening of the nails. - CORRECT ANSWER Melanonychia Bitten Nails (Can be worked on in the salon) - CORRECT ANSWER Onchyophagy Split or Brittle nails. Lengthwise ridges on the nail plate - CORRECT ANSWER Onychorrhexis Condition that occurs when the skin is stretched by the nail plate. (Do Not Treat!) - CORRECT ANSWER Pterygium Vertical lines and uneven growth of the nails. Usually a result of illness, injury, or normal aging. (Careful buffing and ridge filler will help.) - CORRECT ANSWER Ridges Caused by lifting artificial nails. Discoloration is usually a bacteria infection between the nail plate and artificial nail. Not caused by moisture but a number of bacteria. - CORRECT ANSWER Pseudomonas aeruginosa Parasites - CORRECT ANSWER Fungi Any deformity or disease of the natural nail. - CORRECT ANSWER Onychosis Inflammation of the natural nail. - CORRECT ANSWER Onycholysis Common symptom is shedding of the nail. - CORRECT ANSWER Onychomadesis Bacterial inflammation of the tissue surrounding the nail. - CORRECT ANSWER Paronychia Severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate. - CORRECT ANSWER Pyogenic granuloma Medical term for fungal infection of the feet. Red itchy patches of the skin on the bottom of the feet and between the toes. - CORRECT ANSWER Tinea Pedis Occupational Safety and Health Administration - CORRECT ANSWER OSHA Material Safety Data Sheets - CORRECT ANSWER MSDS Chemical process for reducing the number of disease causing germs on clean surfaces to a safe level. - CORRECT ANSWER Sanitation Chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses on surfaces. But not the spores. A level of decontamination which is second only to sterilization. - CORRECT ANSWER Disinfection To disinfect tools they must be? - CORRECT ANSWER Completely submerged in disinfectant. Process that completely destroys all microbial spores. - CORRECT ANSWER Sterilization Harmful microorganism. Causes disease and infection. Invades the body. - CORRECT ANSWER Pathogenic Harmless organisms that perform useful functions. Do not cause disease. - CORRECT ANSWER Nonpathogenic When bacteria get big they divide into two new cells. - CORRECT ANSWER Binary fission Round shaped bacteria. - CORRECT ANSWER Cocci Clusters or bunches like grapes. Cause abscesses, pustules, boils, staph, toxic shock syndrome, and food poisoning. - CORRECT ANSWER Staphylococci String, like beads. Strep, blood poisoning, pus forming. - CORRECT ANSWER Streptococci Pair. Pneumonia - CORRECT ANSWER Diplococci Rod shaped. Tetanus (lock jaw) typhoid fever, tuberculosis, diphtheria. - CORRECT ANSWER Bacilla Spiral (corkscrew). Syphilis STD Lyme disease - CORRECT ANSWER Spirilla A local infection such as a ___ or ___ is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus. - CORRECT ANSWER Pimple; Abscess Parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects cells of biological organism. - CORRECT ANSWER Viruses Smaller then bacteria and capable of replication only through taking over the host cells reproduction function. - CORRECT ANSWER Viruses Organisms that grow, feed and shelter on or in another organism. - CORRECT ANSWER Parasites Contagious skin disease and is caused by the itch mite. - CORRECT ANSWER Scabies The ability of the body to destroy and resist infection. - CORRECT ANSWER Immunity Partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living. - CORRECT ANSWER Natural Immunity Body develops ___ after overcoming a disease through inoculation or exposure to natural allergens like pet dander, ragweed, pollen. - CORRECT ANSWER Acquired Immunity Effectiveness with which a disinfecting solution kills organisms when used according to the label instructions. - CORRECT ANSWER Efficacy Quaternary ammonium compounds. Very effective when used properly in the salon. - CORRECT ANSWER Quats House hold bleach. Can damage some metals and plastics. Read the label. - CORRECT ANSWER Sodium hypochlorite Powerful tuberculocidal disinfectant forms a formaldehyde. Can also damage rubber and plastic. - CORRECT ANSWER Phenolic Disinfectant A license issued or renewed to an applicant the same time the applicant is issued one of the following license types: operator, manicurist, esthetician, esthetician/manicurist, eyelash extension specialist, hair weaver, hair braider, wig specialist, instructor, or specialty instructor, which allows the holder to lease space on the premises of a beauty shop, specialty shop, mini-salon [or] dual shop, or mini dual shop to engage in the practice of cosmetology as an independent contractor. - CORRECT ANSWER Booth Rental License An area within a cosmetology establishment which contains equipment and facilities available for use by all persons who practice cosmetology on the premises under a license, certificate or permit issued under this chapter or Texas Occupations Code, Chapter 1603. - CORRECT ANSWER Common Area A beauty salon, specialty salon, mini-salon, dual shop, mini dual-shop, mobile shop, or beauty culture school, public or private, which is subject to regulation under the Act. - CORRECT ANSWER Cosmetology Establishment A formal instructional process in which the student and teacher are separated by physical distance and a variety of communication technologies are used to deliver instruction in theory to the student. Courses taught by distance education do not satisfy the requirements of the practical portion of the course curriculum. - CORRECT ANSWER Distance Education A shop owned, operated, or managed by a person holding a dual barber and beauty shop license issued under Texas Occupations Code, Chapter 1603. - CORRECT ANSWER Dual Shop The process of applying and removing a semi-permanent, thread-like, natural or synthetic single fiber to an eyelash, including cleansing of the eye area and lashes prior to applying and after removing extensions. - CORRECT ANSWER Eyelash Extension Application A person who holds a specialty license and who is authorized to practice the service defined in Texas Occupations Code. - CORRECT ANSWER Eyelash Extension Specialist A person who holds a specialty license and who is authorized to practice the services defined in Texas Occupations Code. The term esthetician in this chapter includes the term facialist. - CORRECT ANSWER Esthetician A person who possesses subject matter knowledge in specific curriculum topics and who has the teaching ability necessary to impart the information to cosmetology students. Instruction is limited to the presenter's area of expertise and a licensed instructor must be present during the classroom session in order for students to earn hours. - CORRECT ANSWER Guest Presenter A person who holds a hair braiding specialty certificate and who may perform only the practice of cosmetology. - CORRECT ANSWER Hair Braider A person who holds a hair weaving specialty certificate. - CORRECT ANSWER Hair Weaver An individual authorized by the department to perform or offer instruction in any act or practice of cosmetology. - CORRECT ANSWER Instructor A department-issued permit, certificate, approval, registration, or other similar permission. - CORRECT ANSWER License A process that permits a cosmetology license holder from another jurisdiction or foreign country to obtain a Texas cosmetology license without repeating cosmetology education or examination license requirements. - CORRECT ANSWER License by reciprocity A cosmetology establishment in which a person practices cosmetology under a license, certificate or permit issued under this chapter and which consists of a room or suite of rooms that is one of a number of connected establishments in a single premises that open onto a common hallway or common area. - CORRECT ANSWER Mini Salon A shop owned, operated, or managed by a person meeting the requirements of both a mini-barbershop and mini-beauty shop - CORRECT ANSWER Mini-Dual Shop A person or entity that holds a license for a mini-salon or mini-dual shop. - CORRECT ANSWER Mini-Salon Licensee A beauty salon, specialty salon, or dual shop that is operated in a self-contained, self-supporting, enclosed mobile unit. - CORRECT ANSWER Mobile Shop An individual authorized by the department to perform any act or practice of cosmetology - CORRECT ANSWER Operator A substance used to beautify a person's face, neck or arms or to temporarily remove superfluous hair from a person's body including but not limited to antiseptics, tonics, lotions, powders, oils, clays, creams, sugars, waxes and/or chemicals. - CORRECT ANSWER Preparation A license that allows a person to practice cosmetology in Texas pending the department's approval or denial of that person's application for licensure by reciprocity. - CORRECT ANSWER Provisional License Containing within itself all that is necessary to be able to operate without connecting to outside utilities such as water and electricity. - CORRECT ANSWER Self-Contained A razor that is fitted with a guard close to the cutting edge of the razor that is intended to prevent the razor from cutting too deeply and reduces the risk and incidence of accidental cuts. - CORRECT ANSWER Safety Razor The process of attaching, by any method, commercial hair (hair pieces, hair extensions) to a client's hair and/or scalp. Weaving is also known as hair integration or hair intensification - CORRECT ANSWER Weaving A container with a cover to prevent contamination of the disinfectant solution and of a sufficient size such that the objects to be disinfected may be completely immersed in the disinfectant solution. - CORRECT ANSWER Wet Disinfectant Soaking Container Items constructed of hard materials with smooth surfaces such as metal, glass, or plastic typically for use on more than one client. The term includes but is not limited to such items as clippers, scissors, combs, nippers, tweezers, and some nails files. - CORRECT ANSWER Multi-use items Porous items made or constructed of cloth, wood, or other absorbent materials having rough surfaces usually intended for single use including but not limited to such items as tissues, orange wood sticks, cotton balls, thread, surgical tape, extension pads, some buffer blocks, and gauze. - CORRECT ANSWER Single-use items To eliminate all forms of bacteria or other microorganisms by use of an autoclave or dry heat sterilizer - CORRECT ANSWER Sterile or Sterlizer To reduce the number of microorganisms to a safe level by use of an ultraviolet sanitizer - CORRECT ANSWER Sanitate or Sanitation Fastest way to determine whether a strand of hair synthetic is to: - CORRECT ANSWER Burn it with a match Which of the following is a disadvantage of synthetic hair? - CORRECT ANSWER Synthetic hair cannot be exposed to extreme heat When performing a haircutting procedure on a wig, the goal generally is to make the wig: - CORRECT ANSWER Look realistic When cutting a wig using a free-form method, move from longer to shorter lengths, working: - CORRECT ANSWER Toward the weight Which method of construction is typically the least expensive? - CORRECT ANSWER machine-made When shampooing a wig, it is recommended that you avoid shampoos that have a(n): - CORRECT ANSWER sulfur base Synthetic hair colors used on wigs and hairpieces are standardized according to the ___ colors on the haircolor ring used by wig and hairpiece manufactures. - CORRECT ANSWER 70 The ___ is a sewing stitch in which the thread is wound around the needle twice. - CORRECT ANSWER double-lock stitch The ___ involves attaching hair wefts or single stands with an adhesive or glue. - CORRECT ANSWER bonding method The fusion method of extensions requires that the boding material be activated with: - CORRECT ANSWER heat Which of these is NOT an advantage of using a hair addition made of human air? - CORRECT ANSWER It never frizzes or loses its curl in humid weather. When using heat on human hair, you should set the styling tool on: - CORRECT ANSWER low Traditionally, brushes made with ___ bristles have been regarded as best for use on human hair. - CORRECT ANSWER natural boar A hair wrap is secured to the client's own hair with: - CORRECT ANSWER hairpins When sewing on an extension using the braid-and-sew attachment method, it is recommended that you do NOT use a ___ needle. - CORRECT ANSWER sharp When bonding, it is recommended that you work ___ away from the hairline to keep the wefts from showing. - CORRECT ANSWER one inch To use a linking method of attachment, the natural hair should be at least how long? - CORRECT ANSWER 4 inches A(n) __ is a small wig used to cover the top and crown of the head. - CORRECT ANSWER toupee A ___ is a long strip of hair with a threaded edge. - CORRECT ANSWER weft A(n) ___ is a hairpiece that has openings in the base, through which the client's own hair is pulled to blend with the hair of the hairpiece. - CORRECT ANSWER integration hairpiece The head-shaped form on which a wig is secured for fitting, coloring, and sometimes styling is known as a: - CORRECT ANSWER block A(n) ___ is a hair addition secured to the base of the client's natural hair in order to add length, volume, texture, or color. - CORRECT ANSWER hair extension A ___is made by inserting individual strands of hair into mesh foundations and knotting them with a needle. - CORRECT ANSWER hand-tied wig Hair that has been shed from the head and fathered from a hairbrush is known as: - CORRECT ANSWER fallen hair A ___ is an artificial covering for the head consisting of a network of interwoven hair. - CORRECT ANSWER wig A wig constructed with an elasticized, mesh-fiber base to which the hair is attached is called a: - CORRECT ANSWER turned hair Which of the following is NOT an advantage of wigs made with synthetic hair? - CORRECT ANSWER They always look natural Indian hair is usually: - CORRECT ANSWER wavy When styling a wig, it is recommended that you: - CORRECT ANSWER use the wind test to gauge how realistic it looks. Type of bacteria that can cause strep throat or blood poisoning? - CORRECT ANSWER streptococci Bacteria that grow in pairs and can cause pneumonia are: - CORRECT ANSWER diplococci Lyme disease and syphilis are caused by spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria called: - CORRECT ANSWER spirilla In 2000 a bacteria called Mycobacterium fortuitum caused a client outbreak due to the failure of the practitioner to follow proper disinfection guidelines for: - CORRECT ANSWER whirlpool foot spas Bacteria generally consist of an outer cell wall containing a liquid called: - CORRECT ANSWER protoplasm The process whereby bacteria grow, reproduce and divide into new cells is: - CORRECT ANSWER binary fission The presence of pus is a sign of: - CORRECT ANSWER bacterial infection A ___ infection appears as a lesion containing pus and is confined to a particular of the body, - CORRECT ANSWER local The ability of the body to destroy and resist infection is called: - CORRECT ANSWER immunity Disinfectants used in salons must carry a(n) ___ registration number - CORRECT ANSWER Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Which agency publishes the guidelines known as Universal Precautions? - CORRECT ANSWER OSHA Disinfectants with a high pH that can cause skin irritation or burn the skin or eyes are: - CORRECT ANSWER phenolic disinfectants When washing you hands, you apply soap, lather and scrub your hands and under the free edge of nails with a nail brush for at least: - CORRECT ANSWER 1 minute Antispetics are effective for: - CORRECT ANSWER killing germs on the hands Universal Precautions require employees to assume that human blood and body fluids are infectious for: - CORRECT ANSWER bloodborne pathogens When disinfecting a whirlpool foot spa after use by a client, you must circulate the disinfectant for ___ or for the time recommended by the manufacture. - CORRECT ANSWER 10 minutes You should clean a whirlpool foot spa and leave disinfectant solution in it overnight: - CORRECT ANSWER at least once a week After cleaning and disinfecting a pip-less foot spa at the end of the day, how should you dry it? - CORRECT ANSWER with a clean paper towel Which form of hepatitis is the most difficult to kill on a surface? - CORRECT ANSWER hepatitis B Accelerated hydrogen peroxide, or AHP, is a recently approved form of disinfectant that only needs to be changed every: - CORRECT ANSWER 14 days It is important to wear ___ while disinfecting nonelectrical tools and implements - CORRECT ANSWER gloves Licensing, enforcement, and your conduct when you are working in the salon are regulated by ___ agencies. - CORRECT ANSWER state Some ___ disinfectants are harmful to salon tools and equipments. - CORRECT ANSWER tuberculocidal As a cosmetologist, you are ___ to recommend treatments for diseases. - CORRECT ANSWER not allowed Cosmetologist are not allowed to trim or cut living skin: - CORRECT ANSWER any part of the nail Fungual infections are much more common on the ___ than on the hands. - CORRECT ANSWER feet A surface must be properly cleaned before it can be: - CORRECT ANSWER disinfected Sterilization is the most reliable means of: - CORRECT ANSWER infection control If the label on a disinfection product includes the word concentrate, it means that the product must be: - CORRECT ANSWER diluted before use Quat solutions are ___ disinfectants when used properly in the salon - CORRECT ANSWER very effective Using ___ bleach can damage metal and plastic. - CORRECT ANSWER too much Items that are ___ are also considered absorbent. - CORRECT ANSWER porous Fumigants are ___ in salons because they produce potentially harmful formaldehyde gas. - CORRECT ANSWER no longer used Salons should keep a ___ that identifies each time a piece of equipment is used, cleaned disinfected, tested, and maintained. - CORRECT ANSWER logbook There is no additive, powder, or table that eliminates the need for you to ___ equipment such as whirlpool spas. - CORRECT ANSWER clean and disinfect Not having ___ available poses a health risk to anyone exposed to hazardous materials and violates federal and state regulations. - CORRECT ANSWER MSDSs Antimicrobial and anticbacterial soaps are: ___ regular soaps or detergents. - CORRECT ANSWER no more effective than The determination of the nature of a disease from its a symptoms and/or tests is a(n); - CORRECT ANSWER diagnosis The ___ include hand washing, wearing gloves, and properly handling and disposing of items that may have been contaminated by blood or other body fluids. - CORRECT ANSWER Universal Precautions After they have been properly cleaned and disinfected, implements should be stored in a(n) ___ container. - CORRECT ANSWER clean, covered When cleaning and disinfecting a ___, remove the impeller, footplate, and any other removable parts according to the manufacturer's instructions. - CORRECT ANSWER pipe-less foot spa At the end of every day, you should properly clean the nonwhirlpool foot basin or tub and then add the appropriate amount of disinfectant and let it soak for: - CORRECT ANSWER 10 minutes Before beginning any service, you should wash your hands using pump, soap, water, and a: - CORRECT ANSWER clean, disinfected nail brush Something caused by or capable of being transmitted by infection is called: - CORRECT ANSWER infectious The one-celled microorganisms having both plant and animal characteristics are called: - CORRECT ANSWER bacteria The transmission of blood or body fluids through touching, kissing, coughing, sneezing, or talking is known as: - CORRECT ANSWER direct Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with a(n) __, such as a razor or an environmental surface, is indirect transmission. - CORRECT ANSWER intermediate contaminated object Various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms are called: - CORRECT ANSWER toxins A disease that is spread by contact from one person to another is a(n): - CORRECT ANSWER contagious disease The scientific name for plantar warts is: - CORRECT ANSWER human papilloma virus (HPV) Any organism of microscopic to submicroscopic size is a(n): - CORRECT ANSWER microorganism The removal of potentially infectious materials on an item's surface and the removal of visible debris or residue is called: - CORRECT ANSWER decontamination A disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms that enter the body, and which may or may not be spread from one person to another person, is a(n:) - CORRECT ANSWER infectious disease A(n): ___ disease affects the body as a whole, often due to under- or over-functioning of internal glands or organs. - CORRECT ANSWER systematic A(n) ___ is a condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection. - CORRECT ANSWER inflammation A parasitic disease caused by: - CORRECT ANSWER parasites A(n) ___ is a submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms and is capable of replication only through taking over the host cell's reproductive function. - CORRECT ANSWER virus The virus that causes AIDS is: - CORRECT ANSWER Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Contact with nonintact skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentiall infectious materials that is the result of the performance of an employee's duties is a(n): - CORRECT ANSWER exposure incident The scientific name for barber's itch is: - CORRECT ANSWER tinea barbae Organisms that grow, feed, and find shelter on or in another organism, while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism, are: - CORRECT ANSWER parasites The presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence, of potentially infectious materials on an item's surface or visible debris or residues is called: - CORRECT ANSWER contamination The term ___ describes a ringworm fungus of the foot. - CORRECT ANSWER tinea pedis A reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances is a(n): - CORRECT ANSWER allergy A(n) ___ is produced by organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. - CORRECT ANSWER pathogenic diseases A(n) ___ is an abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systems or organs, that makes the body incapable of functioning normally. - CORRECT ANSWER disease Illness resulting from conditions associated with employment are: - CORRECT ANSWER occupational diseases Never let disinfectants such as phenols and quats come in contact with your: - CORRECT ANSWER skin The basic unit of all living things are is the: - CORRECT ANSWER cell The dense active protoplasm found in the center of the cell is: - CORRECT ANSWER nucleus Human cells reproduce by mitosis, dividing into two identical cells called: - CORRECT ANSWER daughter cells The ___ is the protoplasm of cell except for the protoplasm in the nucleus. - CORRECT ANSWER cytoplasm The chemical process through which cells are nourished and carry out their activities is called: - CORRECT ANSWER metabolism The constructive phase of metabolism is called: - CORRECT ANSWER anabolism Which type of tissue lines the heart and the digestive and respiratory organs? - CORRECT ANSWER epithelial tissue The connection between two or more bones is called a: - CORRECT ANSWER joint The ___ is the large of the two bones that form the leg below the knee. - CORRECT ANSWER tibia The oval, bony case that protects the brain is the: - CORRECT ANSWER cranium The maxillae bones form the: - CORRECT ANSWER upper jaw The two bones that form the sides and crown (top) of the cranium are: - CORRECT ANSWER parietal bones The inner and larger bone in the forearm, attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger is the: - CORRECT ANSWER ulna The foot is made up of ___ bones. - CORRECT ANSWER 26 Which muscles are also known as the smooth muscles? - CORRECT ANSWER nonstriated muscles The part of the muscle that does not move is the: - CORRECT ANSWER origin The broad muscle that covers the top of the head is the: - CORRECT ANSWER epicranius The ___ are the muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, fingers to form a straight line. - CORRECT ANSWER extensors The muscles at the base of the fingers that draw the fingers together are the: - CORRECT ANSWER adductors The system of nerves that carries impulses or messages to and from the central nervous system is called the: - CORRECT ANSWER peripheral nervous Sensory nerve endings called ___ are located close the surface of the skin. - CORRECT ANSWER receptors The largest artery in the human body is the: - CORRECT ANSWER aorta The main blood supply of the arms and hands are the: - CORRECT ANSWER ulnar and radial arteries The popliteal artery supplies blood to the foot and divides into separate arteries known as the: - CORRECT ANSWER anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries The __ is the primary nasal muscle of concern to cosmetologists. - CORRECT ANSWER procerus The mental nerve affects the skin of the: - CORRECT ANSWER lower lip and chin The ___ cranial nerve is the chief motor nerve of the face. - CORRECT ANSWER 7th The greater occipital nerve is located at the ___ of the head and affects the scalp as far up as the top of the head. - CORRECT ANSWER back The median nerve supplies impulses to the: - CORRECT ANSWER arm and hand The deep peroneal nerve is located in the: - CORRECT ANSWER front of the leg Valves are structures that temporarily close a passage or permit blood flow in: - CORRECT ANSWER only one direction Deoxygenated blood flows from the body into the: - CORRECT ANSWER right atrium White blood cells are also known as: - CORRECT ANSWER leukyocytes Blood ___ the body's temperature. - CORRECT ANSWER plays a role in equalizing The ___ supplies blood to the muscles of the eye. - CORRECT ANSWER infraorbital artery The ___ drain(s) the tissue spaces of excess interstitial fluid. - CORRECT ANSWER lymphatic system The ___ is a gland of the endocrine system that secrets enzyme-producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. - CORRECT ANSWER pancreas The ___ glands secrete about 30 steroid hormones and control metabolic processes of the body, including the fight-or_flight response. - CORRECT ANSWER adrenal Digestive ___ are chemicals that can change certain types of food into a soluble form that can be used by the body. - CORRECT ANSWER enzymes The organ that controls the body is the: - CORRECT ANSWER heart The organs that excretes water and waste products are the: - CORRECT ANSWER kidneys The lungs supply ___ to the blood. - CORRECT ANSWER oxygen The ___ is the organ that removes waste. - CORRECT ANSWER liver The ___ covers the body and is the external protective coating. - CORRECT ANSWER skin The ___ are the organs that digest food. - CORRECT ANSWER intestines and stomach The ___ system controls the steady movement of the blood through the body. - CORRECT ANSWER circulatory The ___ system changes food into nutrients and wastes. - CORRECT ANSWER digestive The ___ system affects the growth, development, sexual functions, and health of the entire body. - CORRECT ANSWER endocrine The ___ system serves as a protective coating and helps regulate the body's temperature. - CORRECT ANSWER intergumenaty The ___ system protects the body from disease. by developing immunities and destroying disease-causing toxins and bacteria. - CORRECT ANSWER lymphatic The ___ system covers, shapes, and supports the skeleton tissue. - CORRECT ANSWER muscular The ___ system controls and coordinates all other systems inside and outside of the body and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently. - CORRECT ANSWER nervous The ___ system controls the processes by which plants and animals produce offspring. - CORRECT ANSWER reproductive The ___ system enables breathing, supplying the body with oxygen and eliminating carbon dioxide as a waste product. - CORRECT ANSWER respiratory The ___ system forms the physical foundation of the body. - CORRECT ANSWER skeletal The study of the human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized. - CORRECT ANSWER anatomy Physiology is the study of the functions and activities performed by the: - CORRECT ANSWER body's structures The study of tiny structures found in living tissues is known as histology or: - CORRECT ANSWER microscopic anatomy Neurology is the study of the structure, function, and pathology of the: - CORRECT ANSWER nervous system The study of the nature, structure, function and diseases of the muscles is: - CORRECT ANSWER myology Osteology is the study of the anatomy, structures, and function of the: - CORRECT ANSWER bones A(n) ___ is a physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails. - CORRECT ANSWER dermatologist Healthy skin is: - CORRECT ANSWER smooth with a fine-grained All of the following are appendages of the skin except: sudoriferious glands, nails, adrenal glands, hair - CORRECT ANSWER adrenal glands Which of the following correctly identifies the layers of skin and fat from the outermost layer to the innermost layer? a. dermis, subcutaneous, epidermis b. subcutaneous, epidermis c. dermis, epidermis, subcutaneous d. epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous - CORRECT ANSWER d. epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous Cells that are almost dead and pushed to the surface to replace cells are shed from the: - CORRECT ANSWER stratum corneum The layer directly beneath the epidermis is the: - CORRECT ANSWER papillary layer Which type of tissue gives smoothness and contour to the body and provides a protective cushion? - CORRECT ANSWER subcutaneous tissue Which nerve fibers are distributed to the arrector pili muscles attached to the hair follicles? - CORRECT ANSWER motor nerve fibers Nerves that regulate the secretion of perspiration and sebum are: - CORRECT ANSWER secretory nerve fibers Basic sensations such as touch, pain, heat, cold, and pressure are registered by: - CORRECT ANSWER nerve endings The amount and type of pigment produced by an individual is determined primarily by his or her: - CORRECT ANSWER genes Skin gets its strength, form, and flexibility from: - CORRECT ANSWER collagen and elastin The sudoriferous glands do not: a. help the body regulate temperature b. eliminate waste products c. secrete a lubricating substance d. exist on the palms or soles - CORRECT ANSWER c. secrete a lubricating substance To keep your body healthy, you must be sure that what you eat: - CORRECT ANSWER regulates the function of your cells Which vitamin accelerates the skin's healing processing and is vitally important in fighting the aging process? - CORRECT ANSWER vitamin C The epidermis is the ___ layer of the skin. - CORRECT ANSWER thinnest The scalp has larger and deeper ___ than the skin on the rest of the body. - CORRECT ANSWER hair follicles It is ___ for a cosmetologist to completely remove a client's callus in the salon. - CORRECT ANSWER prohibited One of the best ways to follow a healthy diet is to read: - CORRECT ANSWER food labels Emotional stress and hormone imbalances can increase the flow of: - CORRECT ANSWER sebum To function correctly the body needs: - CORRECT ANSWER carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. The USDA recommends that people eat: - CORRECT ANSWER moderate amounts of salt and sugar Vitamin pills are considered: - CORRECT ANSWER nutritional supplements The appropriate amount of water that a person should drink each day is determined by the person's - CORRECT ANSWER weight Lack of water is the principal cause of - CORRECT ANSWER daytime fatigue Small, cone-shaped elevations at the bottom of the hair follicles are: - CORRECT ANSWER dermal papillae The layer of the epidermis where the process of skin cell shedding begins is the: - CORRECT ANSWER stratum spinosum The coiled base of the sudoriferous gland is known as the: - CORRECT ANSWER secretory roll A small, round elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus is a: - CORRECT ANSWER pauple Fatty tisses found below the dermis is ___ tissue - CORRECT ANSWER subcutaneous An inflamed pimple containing pus is a: - CORRECT ANSWER pustule The outer layer of the epidermis is the ___ layer. - CORRECT ANSWER papillary The layer of the epidermis that is composed of cells filled with keratin is the: - CORRECT ANSWER stratum granulosum A fatty or oily secretion that lubricates the skin and preserves the softness of the hair is: - CORRECT ANSWER sebum The layer of the epidermis also known as the basal cell layer is the: - CORRECT ANSWER stratum germinativum Approximately ___ percent of skin aging is caused by the rays of the sun. - CORRECT ANSWER 80-80% It is recommended that you wear a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least ___ on a daily basis. - CORRECT ANSWER 15 A ___ is an abnormal rounded solid lump larger than a papule and located above, within, or under the skin. - CORRECT ANSWER tubercule Keratin-filled cysts that appear just under the epidermis and have no visible openings are: - CORRECT ANSWER milia An open comedo is commonly known as a: - CORRECT ANSWER blackhead What is an uncomfortable, and often chronic, disease of the skin, characterized by inflammation, scaling, and sometimes severe itching. - CORRECT ANSWER eczema A ___ is abnormal brown or wine-colored skin discoloration with a circular and irregular shape. - CORRECT ANSWER stain The absence of melanin pigment from the body and skin sensitivity to light are signs of: - CORRECT ANSWER albinism What is the most dangerous type of skin cancer, often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised? - CORRECT ANSWER malignant melanoma A cosmetologist must not serve a client who is a suffering from an inflamed skin disorder, regardless of whether it is infections, unless the client: - CORRECT ANSWER has a physician's note permitting the client to receive services A skin condition caused by inflammation of the sebaceous glands is: - CORRECT ANSWER seborrheic dermatitis The term ___ refers to an abnormal coloration that accompanies a skin disorder of systemic disorder. - CORRECT ANSWER dyschromia A(n) ___ is a type of keratoma. - CORRECT ANSWER callus Acne is a skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the ___ gland. - CORRECT ANSWER sebaceous Acne is affected by both genetic and - CORRECT ANSWER hormonal Noncomedogenic products are specifically designed not to clog the: - CORRECT ANSWER follicles People have ___ over the extrinsic factors that affect aging, but not the intrinsic factors. - CORRECT ANSWER considerable control The best defense against pollutants is to: - CORRECT ANSWER follow a good daily skin care routine Irritant contact dermatitis occurs when irritating substances temporarily damage the: - CORRECT ANSWER epidermis A pustule is raised, inflamed pimple containing ___ in the top of the lesion. - CORRECT ANSWER pus A ___ is a large, protruding, pocket-like lesion filled with sebum. - CORRECT ANSWER sebaceous Any flat spot or discoloration on the skin left after a pimple has healed is a: - CORRECT ANSWER macule Foul-smelling perspiration caused by bacteria is: - CORRECT ANSWER bromhidrosis A(n) __ is a slightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed. - CORRECT ANSWER scar The contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by weeping lesions is: - CORRECT ANSWER impetigo A ___ is an itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours. - CORRECT ANSWER wheal A(n) ___ is a crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis. - CORRECT ANSWER fissure A small blister or sac containing clear fluid, lying within or just beneath the epidermis is a: - CORRECT ANSWER vesicle The acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands, characterized by the eruption of small red vesicles and accompanied by burning, itching skin is: - CORRECT ANSWER miliaria rubra A normal, healthy nail: - CORRECT ANSWER is shiny The portion of the living skin on which the nail plate sits is called the: - CORRECT ANSWER nail bed The ___ is the whitish, half-moon shape at the base of the nail. - CORRECT ANSWER lunula The part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe is the: - CORRECT ANSWER free edge A ___ is a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place. - CORRECT ANSWER ligament The ___ is the fold of the skin overlapping the side of the nail. - CORRECT ANSWER sidewall After an injury, infection, or disease, the natural nail will return to its healthy grown as long as the ___ is healthy and undamaged. - CORRECT ANSWER matrix Replacement of the natural fingernail usually takes about: - CORRECT ANSWER 4 to 6 months The finger nail on the ___ typically grows slowest. - CORRECT ANSWER thumb The nail has a water content between: - CORRECT ANSWER 15 and 25 percent The natural nail is an appendage of the: - CORRECT ANSWER skin The appearance of the nails can reflect the general health of the: - CORRECT ANSWER body The ___ is relatively porous and will allow water to pass through. - CORRECT ANSWER nail plate The matrix contains: - CORRECT ANSWER nerves, lymph, and blood vessels Tissue that adheres directly to the natural nail plate but which can be easily removed with gentle scraping is: - CORRECT ANSWER cuticle Cosmetologist are allowed to ___ the eponychium. - CORRECT ANSWER push back Cuticle moisturizers, softeners, and conditioners are not designed to treat the: - CORRECT ANSWER cuticle Toenails are thicker and harder than fingernails because the ___ of the toenail is longer than that of the fingernail. - CORRECT ANSWER matrix Unlike healthy hair, healthy nails are not ___ periodically. - CORRECT ANSWER shed It takes about ___ for toenails to be fully replaced. - CORRECT ANSWER nine months to one year. The living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix are is the: - CORRECT ANSWER eponychium The thin layer of tissue between the nail plate and the nail bed is: - CORRECT ANSWER bed epithelium The slightly thickened layer of the skin that lies between the fingertip and free edge of the natural nail plate is the: - CORRECT ANSWER hyponychium The dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate is known as the: - CORRECT ANSWER nail cuticle The ___ is the are where the nail plate cells are formed. - CORRECT ANSWER matrix A normal healthy nail is firm and flexible and should be: - CORRECT ANSWER smooth and unspotted If a client has ridges vertically down the length of the natural nail plate, is recommended that you: - CORRECT ANSWER buff them carefully The medical term for fungal infections associated with the feet is: - CORRECT ANSWER tinea pedis A typical bacterial infection on the nail can be identified in the early stages as a ___ spot that becomes darker in its advanced stages. - CORRECT ANSWER yellow-green The separation and falling off a nail from the nail bed is sign of: - CORRECT ANSWER onychomadesis Which of the following does not cause onychohexis? - CORRECT ANSWER insufficient use of cuticle removers Tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail are signs of which condition. - CORRECT ANSWER nail psoriasis The term ___ refers to a condition caused by injury or disease of he nail unit. - CORRECT ANSWER nail disorder. Splinter hemorrhages are caused by physical trauma or injury to the: - CORRECT ANSWER nail bed Nail fungi can be transmitted through ___ instruments. - CORRECT ANSWER contaminated Onychomadesis can affect - CORRECT ANSWER both fingernails and toenails. A cosmetologist can disobey state or federal rules and regulations: - CORRECT ANSWER under no circumstances Which condition is characerized by nails that are noticeably thin, flexible, and white? - CORRECT ANSWER eggshell nails. Which of the following is not a common cause of a surface stains or nails? - CORRECT ANSWER poor blood circulation The condition in which a blood clot forms under the nail plate, causing a dark purplish spot, is: - CORRECT ANSWER bruised nails The condition in which the living skin around the nail splits and tear is. - CORRECT ANSWER hangnail The lifting of the nail plate from the bed without shedding is: - CORRECT ANSWER oncholysis The term ___ refers to significant darkening of the fingernails or toenails. - CORRECT ANSWER melanonchyia A sharp bend in one corner of the nail plate creating increased curvature is symptomatic of: - CORRECT ANSWER pilcatured nails Depressions running across the width of the nail plate are: - CORRECT ANSWER Beau's lines The scientific study of hair, its diseases, and care is called: - CORRECT ANSWER trichology The two parts of a mature strand of human hair are the: - CORRECT ANSWER hair shaft and hair The tube-like depressions or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root is the: - CORRECT ANSWER follicle Hair follicles are not found on the: a. forehead b. shaft c. soles of feet d. back of the neck - CORRECT ANSWER c. soles of feet The ___ is a tiny, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle. - CORRECT ANSWER arrrector pili An oily substance secreted from the sebaceous glands is: - CORRECT ANSWER sebum For chemicals to penetrate a healthy cuticle hair layer, they must have: - CORRECT ANSWER an alkaline pH The medulla is composed of ___ cells. - CORRECT ANSWER round The process whereby living cells mature and begin their journey up the hair shaft is: - CORRECT ANSWER keratinization The fine main elements that make up the chemical composition of human hair are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and: - CORRECT ANSWER boron and calcium The chemical bonds that hold together the amino acid molecules are called: - CORRECT ANSWER protein bonds Which type of melanin provides natural colors ranging from red and ginger to yellow and blond tones? - CORRECT ANSWER eumalanin Asians tend to have: - CORRECT ANSWER extremely straight hair To help minimize tangles in extremely curly hair when washing you should use: - CORRECT ANSWER a detangling rinse Hair texture is classified as: - CORRECT ANSWER coarse, medium, or fine The measurement of individual hair strands on 1 square inch (2.5 centimeters) of the scalp is: - CORRECT ANSWER hair density Compared to hair with high porosity, chemical services performed on hair with low porosity require: - CORRECT ANSWER more alkaline solutions Wet hair with normal elasticity will stretch up to ___ of its original length. - CORRECT ANSWER 50 percent Oily scalp and hair can be treated by properly washing it: - CORRECT ANSWER with normalizing shampoo Which type of hair almost never has a medulla? - CORRECT ANSWER vellus The growth phase during which new hair is produced: - CORRECT ANSWER anagen The average growth of healthy scalp hair is: - CORRECT ANSWER 1/2 inch (1.25 cm) A condition of abnormal hair growth on areas of the body is: - CORRECT ANSWER hypertrichosis The technical term to describe gray hair is: - CORRECT ANSWER albino The medical term for dandruff is: - CORRECT ANSWER pityriasis The body can produce 11 of the 20 ___ that make up hair. - CORRECT ANSWER amino acids Salt bonds account for about ___ of the hair's overall strength. - CORRECT ANSWER one-third The anagen phase generally lasts from three to five: - CORRECT ANSWER years Scalp hair grows ___ on women than on men. - CORRECT ANSWER faster The ___ phase signals the end of the growth phase. - CORRECT ANSWER catagen Scalp massage ___ hair growth. - CORRECT ANSWER does not affect Compared to pigmented hair, gray hair is: - CORRECT ANSWER neither coarser nor more resistant Cross-sections of hair: - CORRECT ANSWER can be almost any shape Bald men are commonly perceived as: - CORRECT ANSWER less successful By age 35, almost ___ percent of both men and women show some degree of hair loss. - CORRECT ANSWER 40 Finasteride is an oral prescription medication for hair loss that is meant for: - CORRECT ANSWER men only Congenital canities manifests: - CORRECT ANSWER at or before birth Dandruff can easily be mistaken for: - CORRECT ANSWER dry scalp Dandruff is believed to be caused by a: - CORRECT ANSWER fungus The most frequently encountered fungal infection resulting from hair services is: - CORRECT ANSWER tinea barbae Tinea is characterized by: - CORRECT ANSWER itching The infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice is called: - CORRECT ANSWER pediculosis capitis A carbuncle is similar to a furuncle, but is: - CORRECT ANSWER larger Fine hair is ___ than coarse or medium hair. - CORRECT ANSWER more fragile Coarse hair: - CORRECT ANSWER is stronger than fine hair The ___ is the outermost layer of hair. - CORRECT ANSWER hair cuticle The oil glands in the skin that are connected to the hair follicles are the ___ glands. - CORRECT ANSWER sebaceous A ___ bond is a physical bond easily broken by water or heat. - CORRECT ANSWER hydrogen Hair is approximately ___ percent protein. - CORRECT ANSWER 90 Total scalp hair loss is known as: - CORRECT ANSWER alopecia totalis Hypertrichosis is also known as: - CORRECT ANSWER hirsuties The naturally occurring fungus that causes the symptoms of dandruff when it grows out of control is: - CORRECT ANSWER malassezia The ___ is the lowest part of a hair strand. - CORRECT ANSWER hair bulb The technical term for beaded hair is: - CORRECT ANSWER monilethrix A highly contagious skin disease caused by a parasite called a mite that burrows under the skin is: - CORRECT ANSWER scabies The term for the spiral shape coiled protein is: - CORRECT ANSWER helix Shaving, clipping, and cutting the hair on the head: - CORRECT ANSWER has no effect on hair growth Dry, sulfur-yellow, cup -like crusts on the scalp are called: - CORRECT ANSWER scutula The ___ are part of the integumentary system. - CORRECT ANSWER hair, skin, nails, and glands The long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs arms, and bodies of males and females is called ___. - CORRECT ANSWER terminal hair The technical term for knotted hair is: - CORRECT ANSWER trichorrhexis nodosa The ___ is the innermost layer of the hair. - CORRECT ANSWER medulla Hair that forms in a circular pattern on the crown of the head is called: - CORRECT ANSWER whorl The part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis is the: - CORRECT ANSWER hair root A tuft of hair that strands straight up is a: - CORRECT ANSWER cowlick The ability of the hair to absorb moisture is called: - CORRECT ANSWER hair porosity The middle layer of the hair is the: - CORRECT ANSWER cortex An autoimmune disorder that causes affected hair follicles to be mistakenly attacked by a person's own immune system is: - CORRECT ANSWER alopecia areata Vellus hair is also known as: - CORRECT ANSWER lanugo hair The medical term for ringworm is: - CORRECT ANSWER tinea Wave pattern changes can be created or changed temporarily with styling tools and permanently with: - CORRECT ANSWER chemicals For a client with gold skin tones, a ___ hair color would be flattering - CORRECT ANSWER warm In designing for clients with large or broad shoulders, the stylist should create styles with: - CORRECT ANSWER more volume When opposite sides of a hairstyle have different lengths, or different volume and appear to have equal visual weight, it is considered to have ___ balance. - CORRECT ANSWER asymmetrical A recurrent pattern of movement in a design is referred to as: - CORRECT ANSWER rhythm The are of a design where the eye is drawn to first before traveling to the rest of the design is called the: - CORRECT ANSWER emphasis To offset or round out the features of a square facial shape, the aim would be to: - CORRECT ANSWER create volume between the temples and jaw The ___ profile has a receding forehead and chin. - CORRECT ANSWER convex The triangular section that begins at the apex or high point of the head and ends at the front corners is called the: - CORRECT ANSWER bang area Design texture can be created temporarily with the use of: - CORRECT ANSWER heat and/ or wet styling techniques Which of these is not a physical characteristic taken into account when designing an artistic and suitable hairstyle? - CORRECT ANSWER a. body posture b. features c. age d. head shape Left natural, ___ hair may not support many styling options, - CORRECT ANSWER fine, straight Which type of hair offers the most versatility in styling? - CORRECT ANSWER wavy, medium hair For ease of styling, ___ hair is generally best cut short - CORRECT ANSWER very curly, fine For a client with ___, you should direct the hair back and away from the face at the temples. - CORRECT ANSWER close-set eyes For a client with ___, the hair should be directed to the chin area. - CORRECT ANSWER receding chin For a client with ___, nose, bring hair forward at the forehead, with softness around the face. - CORRECT ANSWER prominent If a male client has a __, a fairly close-trimmed beard and mustache would be very thinning to the overall appearance. - CORRECT ANSWER a wide face and full cheeks To create length and height in hair design, use: - CORRECT ANSWER vertical lines Lines that may move in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction are ___ lines. - CORRECT ANSWER curved The lines known as ___ lines can be straight or curved. - CORRECT ANSWER parallel Lines with a definite forward or backward movement are ___ lines. - CORRECT ANSWER directional The square face shape: - CORRECT ANSWER is narrow at the mid