NICU 2024 Exam Questions with Correct Answers

NICU 2024 Exam Questions with Correct Answers Describe hand hygiene process for NICU - Answer-Wet your hands with running water and apply soap. Lather the soap by rubbing hands together well. Scrub the back of your hands, between your fingers, and under your nails. Make sure to scrub your hands for at least 2 minutes, the rinse well under water. Dry using a clean towel. Always foam in and foam out when entering a new room/bed space or seeing a new baby. What do you do if the baby is on contact isolation? - Answer-Make sure you have everything you need before entering the room, and never bring in unnecessary items. Anything you bring in needs to be wiped, cleaned, and stored in a yellow Ziploc precaution bag. Make sure to foam in, then put on a gown, then gloves. Always don PPE before crossing the "threshold." When leaving the room, wipe, clean, and store any items you brought in a yellow Ziploc precaution bag. Take off gloves, then gown, being as careful as possible not to touch the infected portions of your gloves and gown with your bare hands. Roll up and discard. Make sure to foam out, wipe the bottom of your shoes, and then perform appropriate hand hygiene. Normal pulse for premature baby - Answer-120-160 bpm (OR 100-200) Normal oxygen saturation for premature baby - Answer-90-100% Normal respiratory rate for premature baby - Answer-30-50 (OR 20-60) Normal temperature for premature baby - Answer-36.6 deg C What do you do if baby's vitals get out of normal range? - Answer-If currently providing sensory stimulation, slowly stop in order to give the baby a break. Wait about 3-5 seconds to see if the baby's vitals begin to normalize. The monitor should sound an alarm, but if you have any concerns, talk to a nurse. IVH - Answer-Intraventricular Hemorrhage - Tiny blood vessels in the inner part of the preemie's brain rupture, causing bleeding in or near the ventricles (fluid-filled spaces). - Most common in the smallest premature babies (blood vessels not fully developed). Typically occur in the first 4 days of life - Brain bleeds usually are given a number from 1 to 4, with 4 being the most severe. Most brain bleeds are mild (grades 1 and 2) and resolve themselves with no or few lasting problems PVL - Answer-Periventricular Leukomalacia Injury to the white matter around the fluid-filled ventricles of the brain, resulting in the cells in the white matter either decaying or dying (Usually in frontal and parietal region of the brain), leaving empty areas which fill with fluid. Damage in this area can result in spasticity and intellectual impairment. EGA - Answer-Estimated gestational age Total time between first day of last normal menstrual period and the day of birth (calculated in complete weeks). Number of days the baby has been in utero. Gestational age does not include time after the baby is born PMA - Answer-Postmenstrual age The infant's increasing age in relation to the first day of the last menstrual period. This is determined by adding the gestational age to the weeks since birth. (Gestational age + chronological age) IUGR - Answer-Intrauterine growth restriction Fetal weight that is below the 10th percentile for gestational age as determined through ultrasound (fetus is smaller than expected for # of weeks of pregnancy, grows more slowly than usual in utero) RDS - Answer-Respiratory Distress Syndrome - Lungs are not yet fully developed, making it hard for the baby to breathe - Caused by insufficient pulmonary surfactant, which keeps the small air sacs in the lungs from collapsing. - Treatment with surfactant helps affected babies breathe more easily. May receive a treatment called C-PAP (continuous positive airway pressure). The air may be delivered through small tubes in the baby's nose, or through a tube that has been inserted into his windpipe. As with surfactant treatment, C-PAP helps keep small air sacs from collapsing BPD - Answer-Bronchopulmonary dysplasia A form of CLD. It results from an initial acute injury to the lungs caused by prolonged oxygen exposure and mechanical ventilation. Water retention and inflammation within the lungs from initial injury interferes with normal development of the alveoli. This may cause alveoli to stop working and may also cause damage to the blood vessels around them. Infant must breathe faster and harder, leaving fewer calories for growth. CLD - Answer-Chronic Lung Disease General term for long-term respiratory problems in premature babies. It is also known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Results from lung injury to newborns who must use a mechanical ventilator and extra oxygen for breathing. With injury, the tissues inside the lungs become inflamed and can break down causing scarring. This scarring can result in difficulty breathing and increased oxygen needs. The lungs may collapse, fill with fluid, and produce extra mucus. A's and B's - Answer-Apnea and bradycardia