Massachusetts Pesticide Test 2024 with Complete Solutions.

Chronic health effect - ANSWER-Problems that develop over a relatively long period of time, following either one significant exposure that initiates a problem, or following a series of small exposures which accumulate in some manner and result in a development of a disease or disorder acute toxicity - ANSWER-Poisoning from a single dose over a much shorter duration of time How soon do health effects occur from accrue toxicity? - ANSWER-Within 24 hours of exposure Chronic health risk problems (major examples) - ANSWER-Mutagenicity, oncogenicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, neurotoxicity Mutagenicity - ANSWER-Ability of a substance or agent to cause mutations to genes or chromosomes Changes from mutagenicity are... - ANSWER-Almost always harmful Tests to detect mutagenicity - ANSWER-Varied. Tests on cells to tests on whole animals It's believed that chemicals that cause mutations are more likely to be ones that can also cause... - ANSWER-Cancers Why is mutation testing used as a first screen for new compounds? - ANSWER-Faster and cheaper than animal lifetime testing Oncogenicity - ANSWER-The ability of a chemical to cause abnormal growths or tumors in tissues Carcinogenicity - ANSWER-Ability of a substance or agent to cause malignant tumors How do they test chemicals for their ability to cause tumors - ANSWER-Administering daily doses to animals for their entire lifetime and then dissecting them to detect presence of tumors in the animals tissues A rodent carcinogenicity study takes how long typically? - ANSWER-2-3 years