Chem 219 Unit 3 Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers

Chem 219 Unit 3 Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers Stereochemistry the study of the three-dimensional structure of molecules Stereoisomers Compounds with the same structural formula and connectivity but with a different 3D arrangement of the atoms in space. Enantiomers Stereoisomers that that are non-superimposable mirror images. Enantiomers have the same connectivity but different orientations (twist) of the four atoms or groups in 3D space. The two different forms of the chiral molecule (the "left-handed" form or a "right-handed" forms) How do the differences caused by steroisomers differ than the differences caused by constitutional isomers. While the structural differences between stereoisomers are more subtle than those between constitutional isomers, stereoisomerism is often responsible for significant differences in the chemical and physical properties of organic compounds, including the biochemical behavior of many compounds such as drug molecules, amino acids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Several of the human senses, especially smell, are greatly affected by stereoisomerism in organic compounds. cis-stereoisomers have the substituents on the same side/face of the ring or double bond trans-stereoisomers have the substituents on opposite sides/faces of the ring or double bond Chirality the concept of "handedness" in an object. Consider the difference between a pair of socks and a pair of gloves. A sock can be worn (interchangeably) on either the left or right foot, but the same is not true for the gloves. A left-handed glove cannot be worn on the right hand and vice-versa. The gloves possess the property of "handedness" (chirality) Observation will reveal that chiral objects are typically not symmetrical (asymmetric), while achiral objects typically exhibit multiple planes of symmetry within the object itself. chiral a molecule that is not superimposable on its mirror image (possesses the property of handedness) achiral A molecule that is superimposable on its mirror image (does not possess the property of handedness) What test can be applied to determine if an object is chiral or achiral? A simple test involves comparing the object and its mirror image for superimposability. Superimposability