Infectious Disease Exam 2024 230 Questions With Complete Answers Graded A+

1. What organisms can be transplacentally transmitted?: TORCH T- Toxoplasmosis O- Other (syphilis) R- Rubella C- CMV H- Herpes 2. Multicellular helminths are also known as?: worms 3. What worm infections are reportable and in what timeframe must we report them in?: All reportable w/in 1 week: -Fascioliasis -Paragonimiasis -Non-invasive cestode infection (taenia solium & undiff. taenia) -Cysticercosis -Ascariasis -Trichuriasis -Hook worm 4. Enterobius vermicularis is commonly known as?: pinworm 5. What is the most common helminthic infection in the US?: pinworms 6. pinworms are transmitted via?: fecal-oral 7. What are the s/s of pinworms?: -nocturnal perianal pruritus (most common) -insomnia -restlessness -enuresis -Anorexia or irritability 8. How do we Dx pinworms?: -tape test/scotch test: Looking for worms/eggs on perianal skin - 1 test = 50% sensitive, 3 tests = 90% 9. What is the Tx for pinworms?: - Prescription: mebendazole (single dose) - OTC: pyrantel pamoate (single dose) 10. How do you contract schistosomiasis?: swimming in contaminated water 11. What are the S/S of an acute schistosomiasis infection?: swimmers itch (active infection) katayama fever (3-8 wks post infection, hypersensitivity rxn) -fever -urticaria/angioedema -dry cough -myalgias/arthralgias -diarrhea -abdominal pain -HA 12. Schistosomiasis caused by what species will have eggs shed into the urine? Where do we find the eggs of all the other species?: S. Haematobium- urine All the rest- feces (S. Mansoni, S. Japonicum, S. mekongi) 13. What is the gold standard Dx test for schistosomiasis?: eggs in stool or urine via microscopy 14. What is the Tx for acute and chronic schistosomiasis?: Acute: prednisolone and praziquantel Chronic: praziquantel 15. How do we contract fascioliasis? how do we Dx? how do we tx?: -Infection: Ingestion of metacercariae on watercress/aquatic veg- gies -Dx: Eggs in stool via microscopy -Tx: triclabendazole 16. What are the s/s of an fascioliasis infection?: -N/V, abdominal pain, fever, rash, SOB (intestine - liver phase) -bile duct issue (parasites settle in bile duct) 17. What organism is known as the sheep liver fluke?: Fasciola hepatica 18. What worm is found in raw, undercooked, or pickled freshwater shellfish (Most common in Asia), and can cause pneumothorax or pleural effusions? What is the Dx and Tx of choice?: Paragonimiasis (paragonium westermani) Dx: paragoniumus eggs in sputum Tx: praziquantel 19. What organism is known as the beef tapeworm? pork tapeworm? fish tapeworm? Which is the largest?: Taenia saginata: beef tapeworm taenia solium: pork tapeworm diphyllobothrium latum: fish tapeworm (largest) 20. In a cestode (tapeworm) infection, what do we ingest that infects us?: cys- ticerci (found in muscle) 21. What are the S/S of a taenia infection?: -nausea -anorexia -epigastric pain -worms in stool or vomit 22. What are the s/s of diphyllobothrium latum infection?: -Fatigue, diarrhea, dizziness, numbness, allergy Sx - mechanical obstruction - MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA (d/t b12 deficiency) 23. What is the most common tapeworm in children?: hymenolepis nana (dwarf tapeworm) 24. What is the Tx of choice for cestode (tapeworm) infections?: praziquantel 25. What organism causes cystericosis (invasive cestode infection)? What is the major s/s? What is the Tx?: T. Solium: causes neurocysticercosis (cysts in brain) Tx: albendazole (TOC) or praziquantel, or both 26. What helminthic infection has a fecal/oral transmission and causes ob- struction of the GI tract d/t worm aggregation and nutritional sequelae; also the most common helminthic human infection worldwide? How do we Dx? How do we Tx?: Ascariasis (Sx only occur at high worm loads) Dx: stool microscopy Tx: albendazole 27. What are the s/s of trichuriasis? How do we Dx?