MATERNITY (OB) HESI PN BOOK
what is the average age for the first menarche? - ANS12.87 years old or 1-3 years after breast
budding
Normal cycle length - ANS21-45 days
When can pregnancy first occur? - ANSpregnancy can first occur from the very first menstrual
cycle, a sexually active girl may conceive before her first menstrual cycle.
menarche - ANSfirst menstrual period
when do most women have a ovulatory cycle? - ANSwithin 24 months after menarche
menstrual phase - ANSdays 1-5.
shedding of endometrium.
uterine bleeding approx. 60mL (LESS THAN 2 OZ)
How long is the menstrual phase? - ANSvaries in length but usually last 2-8 days.
Proliferation (follicular) phase - ANSday 5 to ovulation
begins the first day of menstruation.
ends 14 day later in a 28-day cycle
ovulatory phase - ANSfinal maturation of a single follicle, it releases its mature ovum.
ovulation marks the beginning of the luteal phase - occurs about 14 days into the menstrual
cycle.
luteal phase - ANSbegins immediately after ovulation, ends w/ menstruation.
if no implantation occurs, the corpus lute regresses. estrogen + progesterone levels
DECREASE. endometrium sheds via menstruation.
Endometrial cycle - ANSmenstrual phase: periodic vasoconstriction in upper levels of
endometrium initiates shedding of functional 2/3 of endometrium.
When does ovulation occur? - ANS14 days before menstruation
,when are the most fertile days for pregnancy? - ANSday before ovulation and day of ovulation.
when does the fertile period begin? - ANS4 to 5 days before ovulation
when does the fertile period end? - ANS24-48 hours after ovulation.
when should a couple avoid sex to avoid pregnancy? - ANSavoid sex several days before
ovulation and 3 days after ovulation.
how long can sperm live in a woman's body? - ANS4-5 days
How long do eggs live? - ANS24-48 hours after being released.
Indications of ovulation - ANSSlight drop in temperature 1 day before ovulation (0.5 to 1 degree
rise at ovulation), temperature will remain elevated for 10-12 days.
cervical mucus = abundant, watery, clear + more alkaline.
cerival os = dilates slightly, softens + rises in vagina.
spinnbarkeit
ferrying under microscope
Spinnbarkeit - ANSegg white stretchiness of cervical mucus
Conditions of fertilization - ANSpostcoital test = live, mobile, normal sperm person in cervical
mucus.
Fallopian tubes present
endometrial biopsy = adequate progesterone + secretory endometrium.
semen = supportive to pregnancy; 2mL semen, at leas 20 million sperm/mL, more than 60%
normal; more than 50% motile
motile - ANSmoving forward
Implantation - ANStakes place in AMPULLA (outer one third) portion of Fallopian tube.
zygote takes 3-4 days to enter uterus.
take 7-10 days to complete process of implantation.
,zygote (ferttilize ovum) - ANS12-14 days after fertilization.
from he time ovum (egg) is fertilized until it is implanted in the uterus.
ovum - ANSegg
embryo - ANS15 days to 8 weeks after fertilization
most vulnerable to teratogens (viruses, drugs, radiation or infections) that can cause major
congenial anomalies.
Teratogens - ANSviruses, drugs, radiation or infections
fetus - ANS9 months from fertilization (38+ weeks)
fewer anomalies influenced by teratogen during the fetal.
determining pregnancy length (due dates) - ANSit is counted from the first day of LMP
1. 280 days
2. 40 weeks
3. 10 lunar months (perfect 28-day months)
4. 9 calendar months
how long is the first trimester? - ANSfirst day of LMP through 13 weeks
How long is the second trimester? - ANS14-26 weeks
How long is the third trimester? - ANS27-40 weeks
fetal development: 8 WEEKS PREGNANT - ANS- rapid development
- major divisions of brain discernible
- heart begins to pump blood
- facial features discernible
- limb buds are well developed
- ears develop from skin folds
- tiny muscles form beneath the skin embryo
- fetus weighs 2g
maternal changes: 8 WEEKS PREGNANT - ANS- nausea may persist up to 12 weeks
, - uterus changes from pear too globular shape
- hegar sign (softening of the isthmus of the cervix)
- Goodell sign (softening of the cervix)
- cervix flexes
- leukorrhea increases
- ambivalence about pregnancy may occur
- no noticeable weight gain
- Chadwick sign (bluish discoloration of the vagina, as early as 4 weeks)
Hegar's sign - ANSUterine softening
Goddell's sign - ANSsoftening of the cervix
Chadwick's sign - ANSbluish discoloration of the vagina
nursing interventions: 8 WEEKS PREGNANT - ANS- dry crackers before getting out of bed in
the morning
- small, frequent meals.
-avoid fatty foods.
-avoid skipping meals.
-no hot tubs, saunas, or steam rooms
-reinforce prenatal nutrition guidelines
-discuss attitude toward pregnancy
-discuss the value of early pregnancy classes that focuses on what to expect during pregnancy.
-reinforce information about childbirth preparation classes
-include father/family in prep for child birh
why should pregnancy women avoid hot tubs, saunas or steam rooms? - ANSit increases risk of
neural tube defects in the 1st trimester.
hypotension may cause fainting.
fetal development: 12 WEEKS PREGNANT - ANS-embryo becomes fetus
-heart discernible by ultrasound
-lower body develops
-sex determinable
-kidneys produce urine
-fetus weighs 19-28g (less than 1 oz)
maternal changes: 12 WEEKS PREGNANT - ANS-uterus rises above pelvic brim
-Braxton hicks contractions (continues throughout pregnancy)
- potential for UTIs increases + exists throughout pregnancy
- weight gain 907-1814g (2.5 - 2.5 pounds in first trimester)
- placenta fully functioning and producing hormones
what is the average age for the first menarche? - ANS12.87 years old or 1-3 years after breast
budding
Normal cycle length - ANS21-45 days
When can pregnancy first occur? - ANSpregnancy can first occur from the very first menstrual
cycle, a sexually active girl may conceive before her first menstrual cycle.
menarche - ANSfirst menstrual period
when do most women have a ovulatory cycle? - ANSwithin 24 months after menarche
menstrual phase - ANSdays 1-5.
shedding of endometrium.
uterine bleeding approx. 60mL (LESS THAN 2 OZ)
How long is the menstrual phase? - ANSvaries in length but usually last 2-8 days.
Proliferation (follicular) phase - ANSday 5 to ovulation
begins the first day of menstruation.
ends 14 day later in a 28-day cycle
ovulatory phase - ANSfinal maturation of a single follicle, it releases its mature ovum.
ovulation marks the beginning of the luteal phase - occurs about 14 days into the menstrual
cycle.
luteal phase - ANSbegins immediately after ovulation, ends w/ menstruation.
if no implantation occurs, the corpus lute regresses. estrogen + progesterone levels
DECREASE. endometrium sheds via menstruation.
Endometrial cycle - ANSmenstrual phase: periodic vasoconstriction in upper levels of
endometrium initiates shedding of functional 2/3 of endometrium.
When does ovulation occur? - ANS14 days before menstruation
,when are the most fertile days for pregnancy? - ANSday before ovulation and day of ovulation.
when does the fertile period begin? - ANS4 to 5 days before ovulation
when does the fertile period end? - ANS24-48 hours after ovulation.
when should a couple avoid sex to avoid pregnancy? - ANSavoid sex several days before
ovulation and 3 days after ovulation.
how long can sperm live in a woman's body? - ANS4-5 days
How long do eggs live? - ANS24-48 hours after being released.
Indications of ovulation - ANSSlight drop in temperature 1 day before ovulation (0.5 to 1 degree
rise at ovulation), temperature will remain elevated for 10-12 days.
cervical mucus = abundant, watery, clear + more alkaline.
cerival os = dilates slightly, softens + rises in vagina.
spinnbarkeit
ferrying under microscope
Spinnbarkeit - ANSegg white stretchiness of cervical mucus
Conditions of fertilization - ANSpostcoital test = live, mobile, normal sperm person in cervical
mucus.
Fallopian tubes present
endometrial biopsy = adequate progesterone + secretory endometrium.
semen = supportive to pregnancy; 2mL semen, at leas 20 million sperm/mL, more than 60%
normal; more than 50% motile
motile - ANSmoving forward
Implantation - ANStakes place in AMPULLA (outer one third) portion of Fallopian tube.
zygote takes 3-4 days to enter uterus.
take 7-10 days to complete process of implantation.
,zygote (ferttilize ovum) - ANS12-14 days after fertilization.
from he time ovum (egg) is fertilized until it is implanted in the uterus.
ovum - ANSegg
embryo - ANS15 days to 8 weeks after fertilization
most vulnerable to teratogens (viruses, drugs, radiation or infections) that can cause major
congenial anomalies.
Teratogens - ANSviruses, drugs, radiation or infections
fetus - ANS9 months from fertilization (38+ weeks)
fewer anomalies influenced by teratogen during the fetal.
determining pregnancy length (due dates) - ANSit is counted from the first day of LMP
1. 280 days
2. 40 weeks
3. 10 lunar months (perfect 28-day months)
4. 9 calendar months
how long is the first trimester? - ANSfirst day of LMP through 13 weeks
How long is the second trimester? - ANS14-26 weeks
How long is the third trimester? - ANS27-40 weeks
fetal development: 8 WEEKS PREGNANT - ANS- rapid development
- major divisions of brain discernible
- heart begins to pump blood
- facial features discernible
- limb buds are well developed
- ears develop from skin folds
- tiny muscles form beneath the skin embryo
- fetus weighs 2g
maternal changes: 8 WEEKS PREGNANT - ANS- nausea may persist up to 12 weeks
, - uterus changes from pear too globular shape
- hegar sign (softening of the isthmus of the cervix)
- Goodell sign (softening of the cervix)
- cervix flexes
- leukorrhea increases
- ambivalence about pregnancy may occur
- no noticeable weight gain
- Chadwick sign (bluish discoloration of the vagina, as early as 4 weeks)
Hegar's sign - ANSUterine softening
Goddell's sign - ANSsoftening of the cervix
Chadwick's sign - ANSbluish discoloration of the vagina
nursing interventions: 8 WEEKS PREGNANT - ANS- dry crackers before getting out of bed in
the morning
- small, frequent meals.
-avoid fatty foods.
-avoid skipping meals.
-no hot tubs, saunas, or steam rooms
-reinforce prenatal nutrition guidelines
-discuss attitude toward pregnancy
-discuss the value of early pregnancy classes that focuses on what to expect during pregnancy.
-reinforce information about childbirth preparation classes
-include father/family in prep for child birh
why should pregnancy women avoid hot tubs, saunas or steam rooms? - ANSit increases risk of
neural tube defects in the 1st trimester.
hypotension may cause fainting.
fetal development: 12 WEEKS PREGNANT - ANS-embryo becomes fetus
-heart discernible by ultrasound
-lower body develops
-sex determinable
-kidneys produce urine
-fetus weighs 19-28g (less than 1 oz)
maternal changes: 12 WEEKS PREGNANT - ANS-uterus rises above pelvic brim
-Braxton hicks contractions (continues throughout pregnancy)
- potential for UTIs increases + exists throughout pregnancy
- weight gain 907-1814g (2.5 - 2.5 pounds in first trimester)
- placenta fully functioning and producing hormones
