CGDR Exam Study Guide

CGDR Exam Study Guide Write a brief description of the terms "growth" and "development." - Growth refers to specific body changes and increases in the child's size, such as a child's height, weight, head circumference, and body mass index. Development typically refers to an increase in complexity, a change from relatively simple to more complicated. True or False: Growth proceeds from the center of the body outward. - False True or False: At birth, the brain, heart, and spinal cord are fully functioning. - True True or False: The finger and toe muscles develop before the arm and leg muscles. - True True or False: Children differ in their growth. - True True or False: Children grow at perfectly steady rates. - False Name and give an example of each of the five basic principles of child growth and development. - 1. Similar developmental sequence for all (i.e they develop in similar ways at similar times) 2. Development proceeds from General to Specific (Children gain specific abilities as they develop further) 3. Development is continuous (As children develop new skills, they become the basis for more new behaviors and skills) 4. Development proceeds at different rates (Each child is different and grows differently) 5. All areas of development are interrelated (The body has to grow and develop before new skills and behaviors can occur) Explain at least one implication of a development principle as it relates to children's learning. - Knowing the way in which a child develops is important in order to understand where they should be and how you can encourage growth in those areas. Name each stage of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and include an example for an individual as well as family. - 1. Physical: Rest, food, employment, etc. 2. Comfort and Safety: Transportation, home, safe relationships 3. Social: Sense of belonging, parent-child relationship 4. Self-Esteem: Sense of competency for parents, ability to cope and problem solve 5. Self-Actualization: Personal emotional response, refinement of interpersonal skills List Erik Erikson's conflicts that relate to children aged birth to school-age, and give an example for each: - Infant: Trust vs. Mistrust (I am all right) Toddler: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (I can make choices) Pre-School: Initiative vs. Guilt (I can do and I can make) Grade School: Industry vs. Inferiority (I can do well and be successful) List the age and examples for each of Piaget's stages: Sensorimotor - 0-2; Children learn through sensory perception and motor activity. List the age and examples for each of Piaget's stages: Preoperational - 2-7; Children are bound by what they experience directly and not by what they think. Children begin to use symbols (one thing that represents another). For example, using sand to make a cake. Children are egocentric; their thinking centers on themselves. They can't see things from another point of view or from another perspective. For example, they do not realize that when they stand in front of the TV, no one else can see it. List the age and examples for each of Piaget's stages: Concrete-Operational - 7-11; Children become more rational in their thinking. For example, realizing that Santa Claus probably doesn't exist. List the age and examples for each of Piaget's stages: Formal Operations - 11 and older; the final stage of cognitive development, in which thinking becomes very abstract. Children think beyond the present and think about ideal situations. Describe Vygotsky's learning strategy: Scaffolding - Children learn through problem-solving experiences shared with a knowledgeable adult or peer. Initially, the person interacting with the