CANFITPRO CHPT 6- Muscular Anatomy Exam All Possible Questions and Answers with complete solution

4 characteristics of muscle tissue - Answer-excitability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity 3 types of muscle tissue - Answer-skeletal, cardiac, smooth functions of muscle tissue - Answer-Skeletal muscle: connects to the skeletal system by being attached to 2 bones Cardiac muscle: interconnected so when one cell contracts, all contracts Smooth muscle: found in organs of digestive, urinary and circulatory system. Works collectively or independently How many skeletal muscles are in the body? - Answer-over 600 Skeletal muscle function - Answer-movement, maintain upright posture, and generate heat to maintain body temperature Muscle cells are primarily ______ water Well organized set of proteins _____ - Answer-73 % water 24% proteins Muscle fibers - Answer-thousands of elongated, rod shaped cells Fascicle - Answer-held together by connective tissue layer called perimysium Each muscle fiber is surrounded by a thin elastic membrane called ______ that encloses the contents of fiber - Answer-sacrolemma 2 types of proteins in sacromere - Answer-thin filament: actin Thick filament: myosinTypes of muscle contractions - Answer-concentric: shortens eccentric: lengthens isometric: no change in muscle length Skeletal muscle contractions is controlled by ________ - Answer-Nervous System CNS (central nervous system) - Answer-consists of the brain and spinal cord It's the control centre of nervous system as it receives information from PNS and develops appropriate response PNS (peripheral nervous system) - Answer-made up of nerves that connect the extremities to the CNS. Continuously delivers info about all body part to the brain to process sensory neurons (afferent) - Answer-Carry information and sensation from the body and environment to the CNS motor neurons (efferent) - Answer-carry information from the CNS back to the muscles to create a response or movement Proprioceptors - Answer-- specialized sensory receptors found in joints, muscles and tendons. - Sensitive to pressure and tension - responsible for sending messages to CNS to maintain muscle tone and perform coordinated movements Muscle spindles - Answer-type of proprioceptors that consists of several modified muscle fibers GTO (golgi tendon organ) - Answer-only activated when muscle contracts slow twitch muscle fibers - Answer-- perform slow and controlled muscle contractions-contracts slow, resistant to fatigue, work aerobically - better for long endurance activity (marathon) fast twitch muscle fibers - Answer-- Quick, high-intensity contractions - contract faster, fatigue faster, work anaerobically - e.g. sprinters force that a muscle can generate - Answer-muscle size A muscle has potential to generate its greatest force when it is at its resting length - Answer-muscle length Speed of contraction - Answer-concentric muscle action, max force, can be achieved with slow contractions eccentric muscle actions produce more force with faster movements Neural control - Answer-Muscle force is greater when: - more motor units are involved in a contraction, - the motor units are greater in size, or - the rate of firing is faster.