NR 228 Nutrition Chapter 1,2,3 Questions & Answers.

Mouth functions - ANSWERSecretes saliva enzymes called salivary amylase; Formation and movement of bolus Esophagus - ANSWERA muscular tube through which bolus travels from mouth to stomach,Peristalsis,Segmentation Cardiac sphincter The Stomach - ANSWERConsists of fundus, body, and pylorus,Gastric secretions, Gastric motility, Chyme formation, Functions of stomach, Pyloric sphincter. HCl activates enzymes. The small intestine - ANSWERConsists of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum Passage through takes about 5 hours, Major organ of digestion and most absorption, Villi and microvilli Secretions in GI tract include..... - ANSWERSecretin, Bile, Cholecystokinin (CCK) The Large Intestine - ANSWERConsists of cecum, colon, and rectum, Passage through takes about 9 to 16 hours, Site of final absorption of water and some minerals, Bacteria in colon produce several vitamins. Formation of feces and excretion from colon through anus (sphincter) Absorption - ANSWERProcess by which substances pass through the intestinal mucosa into the blood or lymph Transport Processes of Absorption - ANSWERPassive diffusion, osmosis, Facilitated diffusion, Energy-dependent active transport, engulfing pinocytosis Villi and microvilli - ANSWERStructure of small intestine allows for efficient absorption to occur; "brush border" Which nutrients are easily absorbed regardless of level of need? - ANSWERfats, carbohydrates, and protein Factors that affect absorption - ANSWERBioavailability, Relationship between food and drug absorption Nutrient transport systems - ANSWERBlood system, lymphatic system, liver Elimination - ANSWERExpulsion of feces or body waste products called defecation