BIO 181 ASU EXAM 3 Short Answers 100% Verified

BIO 181 ASU EXAM 3 Short Answers 100% Verified Briefly explain why the action potential flows only from the axon hillock to the terminal web. - answerThe action potential originates from the axon hillock which initiates the flow of the action potential because of the presence of higher density voltage-gated ion channels. List the 4 types of glial cells and list a phrase to describe their function. - answer- Microglia: cleans up cellular debris - Astrocytes: support and repair neurons - Schwann Cells: myelinates axons of the neurons in the PNS - Satellite: form the brain-blood barrier within the CNS How do the glial cells (i.e., myelin sheath) speed up the firing of neurons? - answerThe cell wraps extensions of a fatty insulating substance (myelin) around the axons of neurons. What could the stress of taking an exam do to your glucose levels in various parts of the body? - answerIt can raise the glucose levels in your blood When epinephrine is released it triggers activation of which part of the Autonomic Nervous System? - answerThe adrenal medulla, which then triggers the hypothalamus Where do fats in the body play a role in balance between glucose and glycogen - answerWhen blood glucose levels fall, the pancreas stops releasing insulin, and cells switch to using glycogen and fat for energy Explain how insulin and glucagon regulate the balance (i.e, homeostasis) between glycogen and glucose when epinephrine (i.e., adrenalin) is not involved. - answerInsulin and glucagon work in what's called a negative feedback loop. During this process, one event triggers another, which triggers another, and so on, to keep your blood sugar levels balanced. During digestion, foods that contain carbohydrates are converted into glucose. Most of this glucose is sent into your bloodstream, causing a rise in blood glucose levels. This increase in blood glucose signals your pancreas to produce insulin.