BIOD331 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 5
Final Exam Review
Q&A
2024
,1. A 65-year-old male with a history of smoking presents with dyspnea,
cough, and wheezing. Spirometry shows decreased FEV1/FVC ratio.
Which condition is most likely?
A) Asthma
B) Chronic Bronchitis
C) Emphysema
D) Pulmonary Fibrosis
Answer: C) Emphysema
Rationale: The patient's history and spirometry results are indicative of
emphysema, a type of COPD characterized by the destruction of alveoli
leading to air trapping and reduced airflow.
2. A patient is admitted with suspected pulmonary embolism. Which
diagnostic test is most definitive for this condition?
A) Chest X-Ray
B) D-dimer test
C) Pulmonary angiography
D) V/Q scan
Answer: C) Pulmonary angiography
Rationale: Pulmonary angiography is the gold standard for diagnosing
pulmonary embolism as it directly visualizes the blood clot in the
pulmonary arteries.
3. A 58-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
complains of progressive shortness of breath and dry cough. High-
resolution CT shows interstitial lung disease. What is the most likely
pulmonary complication of SLE in this patient?
A) Pleural effusion
B) Pulmonary hypertension
C) Interstitial lung disease
D) Acute bronchitis
Answer: C) Interstitial lung disease
Rationale: Patients with SLE can develop interstitial lung disease, which
is characterized by inflammation and scarring of lung tissue, as seen on
the patient's high-resolution CT scan.
4. A patient presents with acute respiratory distress, cyanosis, and a sharp
chest pain that worsens with deep breaths. Auscultation reveals a friction
, rub. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Pneumothorax
B) Pleuritis
C) Pulmonary edema
D) Myocardial infarction
Answer: B) Pleuritis
Rationale: The symptoms and physical findings suggest pleuritis, an
inflammation of the pleura that can cause sharp chest pain and a pleural
friction rub on auscultation.
5. During a routine check-up, a 70-year-old patient with a history of
hypertension is found to have a loud S2 heart sound. Echocardiography
reveals pulmonary hypertension. Which pulmonary disorder is commonly
associated with this finding?
A) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
B) Asthma
C) Pulmonary fibrosis
D) Bronchiectasis
Answer: A) COPD
Rationale: COPD can lead to the development of pulmonary hypertension
due to chronic hypoxemia and the resultant vasoconstriction of pulmonary
vessels, which is often indicated by a loud S2 heart sound.
6. A 40-year-old woman with no significant medical history presents with
a sudden onset of dyspnea, tachypnea, and pleuritic chest pain. She
recently returned from a long-haul flight. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
A) Asthma attack
B) Pulmonary embolism
C) Pneumonia
D) Acute bronchitis
Answer: B) Pulmonary embolism
Rationale: The patient's recent long-haul flight and sudden onset of
symptoms are classic presentations for a pulmonary embolism, a blockage
in one of the pulmonary arteries.
7. A patient with tuberculosis is being treated with a standard course of
antibiotics. After two weeks, the patient reports no improvement in
Module 5
Final Exam Review
Q&A
2024
,1. A 65-year-old male with a history of smoking presents with dyspnea,
cough, and wheezing. Spirometry shows decreased FEV1/FVC ratio.
Which condition is most likely?
A) Asthma
B) Chronic Bronchitis
C) Emphysema
D) Pulmonary Fibrosis
Answer: C) Emphysema
Rationale: The patient's history and spirometry results are indicative of
emphysema, a type of COPD characterized by the destruction of alveoli
leading to air trapping and reduced airflow.
2. A patient is admitted with suspected pulmonary embolism. Which
diagnostic test is most definitive for this condition?
A) Chest X-Ray
B) D-dimer test
C) Pulmonary angiography
D) V/Q scan
Answer: C) Pulmonary angiography
Rationale: Pulmonary angiography is the gold standard for diagnosing
pulmonary embolism as it directly visualizes the blood clot in the
pulmonary arteries.
3. A 58-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
complains of progressive shortness of breath and dry cough. High-
resolution CT shows interstitial lung disease. What is the most likely
pulmonary complication of SLE in this patient?
A) Pleural effusion
B) Pulmonary hypertension
C) Interstitial lung disease
D) Acute bronchitis
Answer: C) Interstitial lung disease
Rationale: Patients with SLE can develop interstitial lung disease, which
is characterized by inflammation and scarring of lung tissue, as seen on
the patient's high-resolution CT scan.
4. A patient presents with acute respiratory distress, cyanosis, and a sharp
chest pain that worsens with deep breaths. Auscultation reveals a friction
, rub. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Pneumothorax
B) Pleuritis
C) Pulmonary edema
D) Myocardial infarction
Answer: B) Pleuritis
Rationale: The symptoms and physical findings suggest pleuritis, an
inflammation of the pleura that can cause sharp chest pain and a pleural
friction rub on auscultation.
5. During a routine check-up, a 70-year-old patient with a history of
hypertension is found to have a loud S2 heart sound. Echocardiography
reveals pulmonary hypertension. Which pulmonary disorder is commonly
associated with this finding?
A) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
B) Asthma
C) Pulmonary fibrosis
D) Bronchiectasis
Answer: A) COPD
Rationale: COPD can lead to the development of pulmonary hypertension
due to chronic hypoxemia and the resultant vasoconstriction of pulmonary
vessels, which is often indicated by a loud S2 heart sound.
6. A 40-year-old woman with no significant medical history presents with
a sudden onset of dyspnea, tachypnea, and pleuritic chest pain. She
recently returned from a long-haul flight. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
A) Asthma attack
B) Pulmonary embolism
C) Pneumonia
D) Acute bronchitis
Answer: B) Pulmonary embolism
Rationale: The patient's recent long-haul flight and sudden onset of
symptoms are classic presentations for a pulmonary embolism, a blockage
in one of the pulmonary arteries.
7. A patient with tuberculosis is being treated with a standard course of
antibiotics. After two weeks, the patient reports no improvement in
