NAVLE Practice Questions with 100% Correct Answers

NAVLE Practice Questions with 100% Correct Answers D - Closure of atrioventricular valves, opening of semilunar valves One description of a typical heart sound is "lub-dub." What makes the first heart sound (S1) (i.e., the "lub")? A - Atrial contraction B - Rapid atrial and auricular expansion due to cranial and caudal vena cavae contraction C - Aortic and pulmonic valves shut and the mitral and tricuspid valves open D - Closure of atrioventricular valves, opening of semilunar valves E - End of rapid ventricular filling period A - Cervicothoracic: C6-T2 A stray dog is presented after being hit by a car. The dog has hypotonic forelimbs and spastic paresis in the hinds. All four limbs have proprioceptive deficits and sensation loss-signs are worse in the forelimbs. Where is the lesion? A - Cervicothoracic: C6-T2 B - Cannot say without cutaneous trunci reflex results C - Lumbosacral L4-S3 D - Thoracolumbar T3-L3 E - Cranial cervical: C1-C5 C - Liver and muscle Damage to which tissues can cause increases in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in dogs and cats? A - Pancreas and intestine B - Red blood cells and brain C - Liver and muscle D - Spleen and adrenals E - Heart and kidneys C - It is an intact male What does this finding mean in a cat? A - Nasopharyngeal polyp, cat will be fine after surgical removal B - Cuterebra infestation C - It is an intact male D - Lingual polyp, can remove, but recurrence is common E - Female in estrus D - Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) When a foal is being treated with erythromycin (for Rhodococcus equi, for example), the mare is at risk of developing enterocolitis due to which one of the following organisms? A - Lawsonia intracellularis (a.k.a. proliferative enteropathy) B - Escherichia coli C - Clostridium novyi D - Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) E - Rhodococcus equi D - Histomoniasis A flock from a turkey farm is presented with a mysterious illness. Several dead birds are notable, mostly younger animals. Sick turkeys are listless, with drooping wings, unkempt feathers, yellow droppings. Sick older birds are emaciated. Necropsy shows a yellowish green, caseous exudate in the ceca, cecal ulcerations, and thickening of the cecal wall. A typical liver looks like the image below. What is the diagnosis? A - Necrotic enteritis B - Hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys C - Avian spirochetosis D - Histomoniasis E - Coronaviral enteritis of turkeys D - Laminitis Retained placenta and metritis can predispose to which one of the following secondary conditions in horses? A - Cystic endometriosis B - Colic C - Postpartum dysgalactia syndrome D - Laminitis E - Contagious equine metritis C - Acinar cell atrophy An eight-month-old male intact German shepherd dog is presented for poor weight gain, chronic diarrhea, and polyphagia. Fasting serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) measurement is <2.0 μgL (Normal = 5.7-45.2 μg/L). What is the most likely cause of this dog's clinical signs? A - Acute pancreatitis B - Inflammatory bowel disease C - Acinar cell atrophy D - Pituitary dwarfism E - Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth A - Rare disease; early diagnosis improves prognosis Under what conditions is a very sensitive test used? A - Rare disease; early diagnosis improves prognosis B - Common disease; infectious diseases C - Treatment does not affect prognosis; non-infectious diseases D - Lethal disease; highly prevalent disease E - Zoonoses; untreatable diseases B - PVP decreases as prevalence decreases For the last ten years, your state has had a mandatory vaccination program against "pedunculated giblet disease" in fur-bearing turtles and the prevalence of this terrible disease has decreased markedly. How does this decrease in prevalence affect the predictive value positive (PVP) of the best serologic test for pedunculated giblet disease? A - PVP increases as prevalence decreases B - PVP decreases as prevalence decreases C - PVP stays the same as prevalence decreases D - PVP is affected by specificity, not prevalence E - PVP depends on the number tested, not prevalence A - Camelids From which animal was this blood sample collected? A - Camelids B - Psittacines C - Ferrets D - Reptiles E - Chinchillas B - Clarithromycin and rifampin A four-month-old filly is presented with a four-day history of lethargy, heavy breathing, cough and decreased appetite. T=104.9°F HR=72 bpm R=44 brpm On lung auscultation asymmetrically-distributed crackles and wheezes are audible. Some areas have no breath sounds and a dull resonance on thoracic percussion. A lateral chest radiograph shows consolidated nodular lung lesions and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Pneumonia due to Rhodococcus equi infection is confirmed based on culture and polymerase chain reaction results on a transtracheal wash. Which one of following choices is the most appropriate treatment? A - Chloramphenicol and aminophylline B - Clarithromycin and rifampin C - Tilmicosin D - Procaine penicillin G and gentamicin E - Vancomycin and atropine (if bronchospasm is observed) D - Sarcoptes scabei A two-year-old beagle is presented with patchy alopecia, papules, and thick crusts, on the ventral abdomen, chest, ears, and elbows. The owner reports intense pruritus and a positive pinnal-pedal reflex is observed. A flea comb does not reveal any fleas. The image below shows what was discovered from a skin scraping. Which one of the following organisms is depicted in the image? A - Neotrombicula autumnalis B - Straelensia cynotis C - Demodex canis D - Sarcoptes scabei E - Cheyletiella yasguri E - Bone spavin A nine-year-old Quarterhorse mare is presented with a right hind limb lameness. She tends to drag the right toe, and has a stabbing gait in that limb (adducts hindlimb, then suddenly abducts it just before the hoof hits the ground). Hock flexion of the right hind significantly exacerbates the lameness for 5-6 strides. A radiograph of the hock is taken, shown below. What is the common name for this problem? A - Tarsal hydrarthrosis B - Osselets C - Ringbone D - Splints E - Bone spavin E - Fever, petechiations, hemolytic anemia Cytological evaluation of a blood smear from a sick horse reveals the following (see below). Which constellation of signs would you expect in a typical acute case of a horse with this disease? A - Nystagmus, head tilt, strabismus B - Weight loss, partial anorexia, poor performance C - Elevated serum liver enzymes, hyperammonemia, head-pressing D - Limb edema, ventricular arrhythmias, ataxia E - Fever, petechiations, hemolytic anemia E - Circovirus A finishing farm has pigs that are about 12 weeks old. The farmer is noticing that about 10% of the pigs are failing to thrive, have a yellow watery diarrhea, are becoming emaciated, and dying - even if treated with antibiotics. Affected pigs are pale to icteric. Examination reveals enlarged inguinal lymph nodes. What is the causative agent? A - Herpesvirus B - Manangle virus C - Parvovirus