US History Midterm Exam Prep. (Answered)

US History Midterm Exam Prep. (Answered) European Age of Exploration The term "Age of Exploration" refers to the timeperioid when people from Europe explored the world from the 1400's-1700's The conquistadores Spanish 'conqueror' or soldier in the New World. They were searching for the 3-G's: gold, God, and glory. Joint Stock Companies businesses formed by groups of people who jointly make an investment and share in the profits and losses The Mayflower Compact can be best described as a promising step toward genuine self-government The Middle Passage refers to the slaves' perilous journey to America across the Atlantic Ocean Mercantilist System Economic theory that colonies exist to benefit the "Mother Country" in which trade controlled in that colonies could only trade with Britain and use British ships Triangular Trade System Complex trading system that developed in this era between Europe, Africa, and the colonies; Europeans purchased slaves in Africa and sold them to the colonies, raw materials from the colonies went to Europe, while European finished products were sold in the colonies. French and Indian War (Seven Years' War) Nine-year war between the British and the French in North America. It resulted in the expulsion of the French from the North American mainland and helped spark the Seven Years' War in Europe. Common Sense by Thomas Paine powerful pamphlet telling the colonists to break free. British were trying to destroy colonies' natural rights. Government is there to protect life liberty and property. Power came from people, not kings. Colonies don't benefit from British Empire. "All men would be tyrants if they could" Abigail Adams Bacon Rebellion supported mainly by Armed rebellion in Virginia against Governor William Berkeley, who had the support of the British government. Forces from England came to Virginia to suppress the resistance and reform the colonial government to one that was more directly under royal control. Navigation Acts Acts passed in 1660 passed by British parliament to increase colonial dependence on Great Britain for trade; limited goods that were exported to colonies; caused great resentment in American colonies. Task system of slavery A way of organizing slave labor. Masters and overseers of rice and indigo plantations generally assigned individual slaves a daily task, and after its completion, slaves could spend the rest of the day engaged in pursuits of their own choosing. Indentured Servants Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years. servitude, slavery Refers to the phenomena following Bacon's Rebellion, when white landowners in the American colonies began importing black slaves instead of white indentured servants to prevent further revolts (blacks, unlike whites, could not own weapons). This marks the beginning of the racialization of the American labor market. Treaty of Paris (1763) Ended French and Indian War, France lost Canada, land east of the Mississippi, to British, New Orleans and west of Mississippi to Spain The Proclamation of 1763 A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalacian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east. Stamp Act of 1765 required colonists to pay for an official stamp when buying paper items Townshend Acts (1767) Provisions:Imposed a tax - to be paid at American ports - on items produced in Britain & sold in the colonies, including paper, glass, lead, paint, & tea. Suspended the New York Assembly for refusing to provide British troops with supplies. Established an American Board of Customs & admiralty courts to hear cases of smuggling. Issued Writs of Assistance. Historical Significance: Led to a boycott of British goods, the Circular Letters, John Dickinson's "Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer," and unrest in Boston. John Locke English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property. "Give me liberty or give me death" From a speech by Patrick Henry urging American colonies to revolt against England. Battle of Bunker Hill First major battle of the Revolutions. It showed that the Americans could hold their own, but the British were also not easy to defeat. Ultimately, the Americans were forced to withdraw after running out of ammunition, and Bunker Hill was in British hands. However, the British suffered more deaths. Alliance with France Critical diplomatic, military, and economic alliance between France and the newly independent United States in their fight for independence against Britain. Victory at Saratoga American victory, a major turning point in the war. It ended the British threat to New England, it boosted American spirits. Important: it convinced France to become an ally of the United States. Battle of Yorktown