PRN 1178 Exam 2 Study Guideexemplary gradesupdate 2024

What is Acid-Base balance? - ️️The maintenance of hydrogen ion concentration in the blood and tissue fluids so that body can function properly. Necessary for homeostasis. Normal pH range? What is considered Acidic? What is considered alkalotic? - ️️7.35-7.45 (Below 7.35 = Acidity) (Above 7.45= Alkaline) What body systems regulate acid-base balance? - ️️Buffers, Kidneys, and Lungs Respiratory Acidosis Common Causes? - ️️Acute Airway Obstruction, COPD, Asthma, Pulmonary Edema, Opiate Overdose, Pneumonia, Atelectasis How might a patient present with respiratory acidosis? - ️️Hypoventilation/hypoxia, Rapid Shallow Respirations, Decreased BP with vasodilation, Dyspnea, Headache, Hyperkalemia, Dysrhythmias, Drowsiness, Dizziness, Disorientation, Muscle Weakness, Hyperreflexia, Prevention Strategies Acid-Base Imbalances? - ️️Healthy diet, exercise, limit alcohol consumption, Drink 6-8 cups of water per day, maintain healthy weight, refrain from smoking, manage stree Common Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis - ️️Hyperventilation (anxiety, fear), Mechanical Ventilation, High Fever/Sepsis, Prolonged Sunctioning, Pain, Alcohol Withdrawal. Common Causes of Metabolic Acidosis - ️️Diarrhea, Renal Failure, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Hyperkalemia, Alcoholism Compensating Mechanisms for Metabolic Acidosis - ️️Kussmaul Respirations Common Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - ️️Vomitting, Excessive Gastric Suctioning, Hypokalemia, Excess use of Antacids, Steroid Therapy, Potent Diuretic Use What are ABG's? - ️️Arterial Blood Gases pH 7.35-7.45 7.34 acid 7.45 base PaCO2 35-45mmHg 45 acid 35 base HCO3 22-26mEq/L 22 acid 26 base O2 sat PaO2 pH normal range - ️️7.35-7.45 Below 7.35 means PaCO2 normal range. What do imbalances mean? - ️️35-45 mm Hg. Below 35 means alkalotic, above 45 means acidiosis. HCO3 normal range - ️️22-26 mEq/L. Below 22 means acidosis, about 26 means alkalotic RO ME - ️️Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal When pH and Respiratory are Opposite directions, t