AAFP - Review of Board Review Questions With 100 Correct and verified Answers . A+ GRADE.

Absolute contraindications to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) There are no absolute contraindications to ECT Treatment of community acquired pneumonia in infants and children - Diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia is mostly based on the history and physical examination - Pneumonia should be suspected in any child with fever, cyanosis, and any abnormal respiratory finding in the history or physical examination - Outpatient antibiotics are appropriate if the child does not have a toxic appearance, hypoxemia, signs of respiratory distress, or dehydration - High-dose amoxicillin is the drug of choice Current practice is to introduce solid foods into the diet at what age for normal term infants 4-6 months of age as the extrusion reflex disappears by the age of 4 months Treatment of midshaft posteromedial tibial stress fractures An air stirrup leg brace (Aircast) Most appropriate test to screen for late-onset male hypogonadism Total testosterone Treatment of pediatric HSV-1 infection Acyclovir suspension Most accurate maneuver for detecting an ACL tear - Lachman test (sensitivity 60%-100%, mean 84%), - Anterior drawer test (sensitivity 9%-93%, mean 62%) - Pivot shift test (sensitivity 27%-95%, mean 62%) Diagnosis of multiple myeloma is based on Evidence of myeloma-related end-organ impairment (hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, skeletal lesions) in the presence of M protein, monoclonal plasma cells, or both Findings are typical of femoral neuropathy - History of weakness of the lower left leg, giving way of the knee, and discomfort in the anterior thigh - Femoral neuropathy is a mononeuropathy commonly associated with diabetes mellitus Women who use low-dose estrogen oral contraceptives have a 50% lower risk of cancer of the: Ovary Clinical hallmarks of polymyalgia rheumatica - Pain and stiffness in the shoulder and pelvic girdle - Dramatic response to corticosteroids 3 subtypes of frontotemporal dementia - Behavioral variant - Semantic dementia - Progressive nonfluent aphasia Hallmark biochemical feature of refeeding syndrome Hypophosphatemia Methods to reduce risk of oral candidiasis with inhaled corticosteroids for asthma - Rinse mouth after each administration - Use valved holding chamber When to recommend laryngoscopy for hoarseness When hoarseness does not resolve within 3 months or when a serious underlying cause is suspected Causes of right heart failure - Left heart failure (most common) - Myocarditis - Pulmonic stenosis - Ventricular septal defects Metabolites of codeine-containing medications and diazepam - Morphine for codeine-containing medications - Oxazepam for diazepam Most appropriate initial management of hypercalcemia of malignancy Normal saline intravenously Reason for preference of myomectomy over fibroid embolization in symptomatic patient with uterine fibroids responsive to medical therapy Desire for future pregnancy Hallmarks of melanosis coli - Brown to black leopard spotting of the colonic musoca - Results from abuse of anthraquinone laxatives (cascara, senna, aloe) What happens to the murmur of mitral valve prolapse with the Valsalva maneuver? Becomes longer and louder Most common hip disorder in 8-15 year-old males & overweight/obese children Slipped capital femoral epiphysis PEG tubes are associated w/ an ↑ use of Restraints Highest risk group for colorectal cancer & recommending screening age/interval - Patients who have 1 first degree relative diagnosed with colorectal cancer or adenomatous polyps before age 60, or at least 2 second degree relatives with colorectal cancer - Start screening at age 40 or 10 years before the earliest age at which an affected relative was diagnosed (whichever comes first) *with rescreening every 5 years Drugs associated with drug-induced pleural disease/lupus pleuritis - Hydralazine - Procainamide, Quinidine, Amiodarone - Bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, Mitomycin - Bromocriptine - Methotrexate - Minoxidil Treatment of tachycardia w/ history of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome Procainamide Is doxycycline contraindicated in pregnancy? Yes, in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters due to permanent discoloration of tooth enamel Will steady extra caloric intake result in weight gain indefinitely? No, weight will increase to a certain point and then become constant Initial medical management of asthma Low-dose inhaled corticosteroid daily w/ SABA as needed Name some tumor necrosis factor inhibitors & testing required prior to initiation - Infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, golimumab - Screen for TB, HBV, HCV Tests to detect HCV antibody & determine active from past infection Detection: enzyme immunoassay - Confirmation: recombinant immunoblot assay - Active/past infection: RNA polymerase chain reaction