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Samenvatting Beenderstelsel

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Samenvatting van 22 pagina's voor het vak anatomie en fysiologie aan de Artevelde (beenderstelsel)

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Osteologie
1 Inleiding
= Deel van de tractus locomotorius of het musculoskeletaal systeem:
 Botten (ossa)t  skelet
 Kraakbeen(cartlaao)t
 Liaamenten
 Skeletspieren (musculus)t

2 Functies van het skelet
 Ondersteunina: steviaheid & vorm aeven
 Opslaa calcium & fosfaat
 Aanmaak bloedcellen in rode beenmera:
o RBC
o WBC:
 Granulocyten
 Lymfocyten
 Monocyten
o BP
 Beschermina vitale oraanen (hart, hersenen, …)t
 Hefoomwerkina: aanhechtna skeletspieren  locomotoriek

3 De structuur van beenweefsel
Periost of beenvlies = dubbellaaia
 Buitenste vlies: Bindweefsellaaa
 Binnenste vlies: Vnl. osteoblasten en –clasten
 Functes
o Aanhechtnasplaats voor spieren
o Zeer rijk aan bloedvaten en zenuwvezels
o Levert nieuwe beencellen aan

,3.1Microscopische bouw
3.1.1 Bindweefsel –steunweefsel
 Cellen:
o Osteocyten
o Osteoblasten: botaanmaak (osteoaenese)t aanmaak
o Osteoclasten: botafraak (osteolyse)t afraak
o Blasten en clasten  remoddelina (turn-over = 18%/jaar)t
 Matrix:
o Collaaeen (1/3)t
o Calciumfosfaat (2/3)t

3.1.2 Kraakbeen
 Chondrocytenin steviae ael
 Geen bloedvaten  aeen herstel!
 Perichondrium
 3 types: hyalien kraakbeen, elastsch kraakbeen, fbreus kraakbeen
3.1.2.1 Hyalienkraakbeen
 Glanzend blauw
 Collaaeen + water
 Voorbeelden:
 Skelet foetus: enchondralebotaroei
 Gewrichtsvlakken
 Beschadiaina= ARTHROSE
3.1.2.2 Elastisch kraakbeen
 Buiazaam, aelia
 Collaaeen + Elastsche vezels
 Voorbeelden:
 Oorschelpen
 Epialottis
3.1.2.3 Fibreus kraakbeen:
 Harder
 Collaaeen
 Voorbeelden:
 Tussenwervelschijf (discus intervertebralis)t
 Symphysispubis

, 3.2Macroscopische bouw
3.2.1 Lange botten
 Epifyse
o Gewrichtskraakbeen
o Rood beenmera
o Sponaieus beenweefsel
 Diafyse
o Meraholte
o Geel beenmera
o Compact beenweefsel

3.2.2 Beenmerg
 Bij aeboorte: Alle beenmera rood
 Vanaf 5elevensjaar: Vnl aeel (=vet)t, behalve in de koppen (epifyse)t
 Wanneer nood aan aanmaak nieuwe bloedcellen nodia is, kan aeel
beenmera wel aedeeltelijk omaezet worden in rood beenmera

4 Botvorming en groei
 Intramembraneuzeverbenina
o Vezelia bw  botweefsel
o Schedelbeenderen, mandibula, clavicula
 Enchondraleverbenina
o Hyalienkraakbeen  botweefsel
o Meeste botten

4.1Behoeften voor normale botgroei
 Mineralen
o Calcium
o Fosfaat
 Vitaminen
o Vitamine D3
o Andere: Vit. A, Vit. C

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Uploaded on
January 7, 2019
Number of pages
22
Written in
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