ACSM Domain 1 Questions and Answers Already Passed

ACSM Domain 1 Questions and Answers Already Passed What are the 8 major signs or symptoms suggestive of cardiovascular, pulmonary or metabolic disease (CVD)? 1.) Pain or discomfort in the chest, neck, jaw, arms, or other areas that may result from ischemia 2.) Shortness of breath at rest or with mild exertion 3.) Dizziness or syncope (loss of consciousness) 4.) Orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (shortness of breath / coughing in sleep) 5.) Ankle edema (swollen ankles) 6.) Palpitations or tachycardia (unpleasant awareness of the forceful or rapid beating of the heart) 7.) Intermittent claudication (pain in muscle with inadequate blood supply that is stressed by exercise) 8.) Known heart murmur Unusual fatigue or shortness of breath with usual activities What are the 9 risk factors? (Figure 11-6 on Page 293 of ACSM's Resources for the Personal Trainer - Fourth Edition) to determine the client's risk classification (Low or Moderate) anything over 1 risk factor ≥ 2 puts them at moderate risk & 1 or less risk factor puts them at low risk. 1.) Age: Men ≥ 45 years old, Women ≥ 55 years old 2.) Family History: Myocardial infarction (heart attack), coronary revascularization, or sudden death before 55 years old in father or other male first-degree relative or before 65 years old in mother or other female first degree relative. 3.) Cigarette Smoking: Current cigarette smoker or those who quit within the previous 6 months or exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. 4.) Sedentary Lifestyle: Not participating in at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity (40% to < 60% V02R) on at least 3 days of the week for at least 3 months. 5.) Obesity: BMI (Body Mass Index) ≥ 30 or waist girth > 102cm (40 inches) for men and > 88 cm (35 inches) for women 6.) Hypertension: Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg and/ or diastolic ≥ 90 mm Hg, confirmed by measurements on at least two separate occasions, or on antihypertensive medication. 7.) Dyslipidemia: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥ 130 mg or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 40 mg or on lipid lowering medication. If total serum cholesterol is all that is available, use ≥ 200 mg. 8.) Prediabetes: Impaired fasting glucose = fasting plasma glucose ≥ 100 mg and ≤ 125 mg or impaired glucose tolerance = 2 h values in oral glucose test ≥ 140mg and ≤ 199 mg confirmed by measurements on at least two separate occasions. 9.) Negative Risk Factor: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ≥ 60 mg (if any other risk factors are present this nullifies or takes one away) Once the client's risk factors are determined, what should a trainer do? Once the client's risk factors are determined use the Risk Classification Chart (Figure 11-6 on Page 293 of ACSM's Resources for the Personal Trainer - Fourth Edition) to determine the client's risk classification (Low or Moderate) anything over 1 risk factor ≥ 2 puts them at moderate risk & 1 or less risk factor puts them at low risk. -Low Risk: An individual without signs or symptoms of CVD with less than two risk factors. -Moderate Risk: An individual without signs or symptoms of CVD with two or more risk factors. -High Risk: An individual with signs or symptoms of CVD, or with documented cardiovascular, pulmonary, or metabolic disease. What is the Sequence of Assessments? 1) Heart Rate: Resting 2) Blood Pressure: Resting 3) Body Composition: Height, Weight, BMI, WHR (waist to hip ratio), skin folds and or sub maximal cycle ergo meter test (a strand-rhyming or YMCA) 4) Cardiovascular Fitness: Rock port 1-mile walk test procedures, 1.5 mile run test procedures, queens college step test, and or astrand-rhyming sub maximal cycle ergo meter test 5) Muscular Fitness: Muscle strength & Muscular endurance 6) Flexibility: Sit-and-reach test What does the (CRF) Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessment test? A person's ability to perform large muscle, dynamic, moderate to high intensity exercise for prolonged periods of time. What are the 3 Heart Rate Sites? 1.) Radial artery (wrist) 2.) Brachial (anterior side of elbow) 3.) Carotid (neck) *Note the carotid artery is not the preferred site due to the possibility of reflexive slowing of the heart rate when pressed. Radial & Brachial are the locations of choice. Height & Weight Conversions 1" 1m 1 kg -1" = 2.54 cm -1 m = 100 cm -1 kg = 2.2 lbs What is the (BMI) Body Mass Index formula? BMI = Weight (Kg) ÷ Height (M2) What is the Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR) formula? Explain the associated health risks. Waist circumference ÷ Hip circumference = Waist to Hip ratio *Health risk is high when above 0.95 for men & 0.86 for women *Health risk is high when waist circumference is 40" for men & 35" for women *Low risk is less than 31.5" for men & 27.5" for women Explain how Skinfold Measurements should be taken. All skinfold measurements should be taken on the right side of the body with the person standing upright. Grasp skinfold by pinching & pulling away from body with index finger & thumb. Place calipers 1 cm from fingers in middle of skinfold. Read calipers 1-2 seconds after measurement holding skinfold with opposite hand entire time.