AICE Marine Science Chapter 3 Complete Solution

AICE Marine Science Chapter 3 Complete Solutions autotroph an organism that can capture the energy in light or chemicals and use it to produce carbohydrates from simple molecules photosynthesis the process of using light energy to synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide and water chemosynthesis the production of organic compounds by bacteria or other living organisms using the energy derived from reactions with inorganic chemicals heterotroph an organism that cannot make its own food and consumes other organisms like fungi, protozoans, and most bacteria. primary productivity the rate of production of new biomass through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis carbohydrate organic compounds occurring in living tissues that contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (starch, cellulose, sugars). They can be broken down through respiration to release energy. phytoplankton microscopic photosynthetic organisms that live in the upper sunlit layers of the water What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? carbon dioxide + water - glucose + oxygen What are some limiting factors to photosynthesis? nutrients, amount of light, temperature and concentration of CO2 thermocline the boundary between two layers of water with different temperatures pynocline the boundary between two layer of water with different densities Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM) Area with the highest concentration of chlorophyll below the surface of a body of water. It is a point where productivity is highest as there is enough light for photosynthesis and enough nutrients for growth. What is the chemical equation for chemosynthesis? Hydrogen sulfide + Oxygen + Carbon dioxide - Sugar + Water + Sulfur Respiration the process by which all living things release energy from their food by oxidizing glucose What type of energy does respiration produce? heat energy Gross Primary Production (GPP) the amount of light and chemical energy fixed by producers in a given length of time in a given area Net Primary Production (NPP) the amount of energy that is left over after respiration to be made into new plant biomass Secondary Production the amount of biomass produced by heterotrophs after eating the producers Algal Blooms rapid increase in a population or algae due to a rapid influx of nutrients Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) when algal blooms become hypoxic taking all the oxygen from the water What is the equation for efficiency of energy transfer? (energy transferred to new trophic level / energy in previous trophic level) x 100 What are the 4 causes of fluctuations in energy transfer to each trophic level? -how much food