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Summary Language and the self - A Level English Language (CIE 9093) Paper 4, The relationship between language and social identity

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This document provides an in-depth summary of 'The relationship between language and social identity' in the language and the self unit, which is one of the language topics that candidates need for paper 4. The document follows the CIE syllabus and covers all the content that the exam board can ask from pupils, such as: Social groups and self-identity Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT)(Convergence, Divergence) Speech communities Language Groups and social stratification Research studies on language and social class Standard and non-standard English Slang, Jargon, Teenage language, code switching Languge and gender - Differences in male and female language National and international exclusion , Language and negative stereotypes Speech sounds and accents - Accents, Speech sound production, Accent and status I made sure to include different case studies for different topics.

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● Higher socioeconomic groups have professional jobs as a result of higher
qualifications and are more mobile geographically and socially
● With a far greater ethnic mix and much wider travel for work and leisure,
a greater mix of accents can now be heard in urban areas
● In the English-speaking world there still might be perceived advantages of
speaking in RP and some people will consciously modify their accents to
speak in this way for professional or social reasons
● This is a form of convergence that can be achieved through accent coaches
● However, some have moved away from RP towards a non-standard accent,
such as Estuary English, which has become widely established in the UK from
London
● The US is said to have no prestige dialect, but the General American accent
is more widely spoken in public forums than pronounced regional accents
● A recent phenomenon has been associating certain personal qualities with
accents
● Business communication over the phone from global call centres has given a
rise to stereotypes of speakers with particular accents
● There is an assumption that accents from rural areas indicate that the speaker
is of low intelligence
● Being judgemental in terms of accents will result in limiting someone’s future
opportunities

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