Chemistry 104 Exam 1 Review with Verified Solutions

Chemistry 104 Exam 1 Review with Verified Solutions Chemistry the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes Scientific Method set of general procedures based on experimentation and observation used to acquire scientific knowledge and explain natural phenomena Hypothesis model or statement that can be tested by experiment, offers an explanation for a scientific law Experiment well defines controlled procedure for obtaining information about a system under study Observation statement that describes something we see, hear, smell, taste, or feel Scientific Fact is a reproducible piece of data about some natural phenomenon that is obtained from experimentation Scientific Law generalization that summarizes scientific facts about a natural phenomenon Scientific Theory scientific hypothesis that has been tested and validated over a long period of time Exact Number number that has a value with no uncertainty in it, known exactly Inexact Number number that has a value with a degree of uncertainty in it Precision indicator of how close a series of measurements on the sam object are to each other Accuracy indicator of how close a measurement comes to a true or accepted value Significant Figures digits in any measurement that are known with certainty plus one digit that is uncertain Scientific Notation A method of writing or displaying numbers in terms of a decimal number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10. SI Base Unit one of seven SI units of measurement from which all other SI measurement units can be derived meter, kilogram, second, kelvin, mole, ampere, candela Name SI base units Derived Unit a unit that is defined by a combination of base units Energy (physics) the capacity of a physical system to do work Potential Energy energy stored due to an object's position or arrangement Kinetic Energy the energy an object has due to its motion Law of Conservation of Energy energy can be interconverted between kinetic and potential, total amount of energy remains the same Kinetic Molecular Theory the theory that all matter is composed of particles (atoms and molecules) moving constantly in random directions Matter anything that takes up space and has mass Atom smallest unit of matter Molecule bigger unites of two or more atoms joined together Compound pure substance that can be broken down into two or more simpler substances using chemical means Mixture physical combination of two or more pure substances in which each substance retains its own identity Pure Substance single kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of matter using physical means Physical Property characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into another substance ex: color, odor, taste, size, physical state, boiling and melting point, density Chemical Property characteristic of a substance that describes the way the substance undergoes or resists change to form a new substance ex: reacts, combusts, rust, does not react, produced something Fundamental Particle a particle that is less complex than an atom, one object keeps dividing repeatedly over and over again Element pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler pure substances using ordinary chemical means such as a chemical reaction, an electric current, hear, or a beam of light Homogeneous Mixture mixture that