Ooh Uta Nurs Final Exam With Complete Solution

What are the 9 rights? - ANSWER 1)Right pt: name & DOB,2) Right dose, 3)Right form, 4) Right med 5) Right route, 6) Right time, 7) Right documentation, 8) Right to refuse, 9) Right reason 10) Right response evaluation What can help prevent med errors - ANSWER check med 3 times, use leading zeros, verify unclear orders with HCP. high alert medications - ANSWER must be checked by 2 nurses Bioavailability - ANSWER amount of drug available for use vs amount absorbed which route has highest bioavailabity - ANSWER IV considerations for older adults - ANSWER GI slower, body H20 decrease, fat increased, less protein production, less metabolism of meds,less GFR & # of working nephrons. Usually on mulitple meds (polypharmacy) How does decreased protein, effect protein binding? - ANSWER More free drug and risk of toxicity Albumin - ANSWER 3.5-5.5 g/dL Potassium (K+) - ANSWER 3.5-5 mEq/L CYP 450 enzyme? Inducer: - ANSWER liver metabolic too quickly need bigger dose or more frequently = nicotine CYP 450 enzyme? Inhibitor food: - ANSWER slow metabolism, longer half life, smaller doses increases toxicity = grapefruit. CYP 450 enzyme? Inhibitor med: - ANSWER Cimetidinepharmacogentics - ANSWER diverse reaction to different meds based on genetics What are cultural considerations for African-Americans? - ANSWER Anti-hypertensives do not work well, Ca+ channel or combo of meds works best What is PCA? - ANSWER pt control analgesia, only pt administer, high alert med (morphine), check time limit, pt still needs monitoring: HR, RR, pulse ox What is the major adverse effect of acetaminophen? - ANSWER hepatotoxicity and Liver necrosis