Uta Nurs 5334 Module 5 Study Guide With Complete Solution

The circulatory system has two primary functions - ANSWER (1) delivery of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, electrolytes, and other essentials to cells; and (2) removal of carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes from cells. The circulatory system has two major divisions: - ANSWER the pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation. The pulmonary circulation delivers blood to the lungs. The systemic circulation delivers blood to all other organs and tissues. The systemic circulation is also known as the greater circulation or peripheral circulation. The circulatory system - ANSWER is composed of the heart and blood vessels. The heart is the pump that moves blood through the arterial tree. The blood vessels have several functions: Arteries transport blood under high pressure to tissues. Arterioles are control vessels that regulate local blood flow. Capillaries are the sites for exchange of fluid, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones, and wastes. Venules collect blood from the capillaries. Veins transport blood back to the heart. In addition, veins serve as a major reservoir for blood. contains about 5 L of blood, which is distributed throughout the system. 9% is in the pulmonary circulation, 7% is in the heart, and 84% is in the systemic circulation. Cardiac output - ANSWER CO=HR X SV. For the average person, heart rate is about 70 beats/min and stroke volume is about 70 mL. Multiplying these, we get 4.9 L/min—the average value for CO. Heart is controlled by the ANS.Stroke volume - ANSWER is determined largely by three factors: (1) myocardial contractility, (2) cardiac afterload, and (3) cardiac preload. Myocardial contractility - ANSWER is defined as the force with which the ventricles contract. Preload - ANSWER is formally defined as the amount of tension (stretch) applied to a muscle before contraction. the force of velour return the greater the fill pressure, the more the ventricle will stretch expressed by the end diastolic volume of pressure Afterload - ANSWER is formally defined as the load against which a muscle exerts its force (i.e., the load a muscle (atrial pressure) must overcome in order to contract The Starling law - ANSWER states that the force of ventricular contraction is proportional to muscle fiber length (up to a point). Under normal, nonstressed conditions, SV is determined by factors that regulate venous return. In addition to systemic filling pressure, three other factors influence venous return: (1) the auxiliary muscle pumps discussed previously, (2) resistance to flow between peripheral vessels and the right atrium, and (3) right atrial pressure, elevation of which will impede venous return regulation of atrial