ALMS - Anatomy and Physiology: All Modules Questions and Answers

ALMS - Anatomy and Physiology: All Modules Questions and Answers Which layer of serous membrane lines the walls of cavities? - Answer- Visceral (wrong) Which directional term, also known as dorsal, means nearer to or at the back of the body? - Answer- Posterior Which type of tissue produces chemicals and fluid that digests food in the stomach? - Answer- Muscle (wrong) Which term describes the study of the function of components of the body? - Answer- Physiology Eight chemical elements constitute 3.6 percent of total body mass. What are these chemical elements called? - Answer- Lesser chemical elements What term is used to describe the state at which a solute moves down its concentration gradient through the plasma membrane and becomes evenly distributed in the cytosol? - Answer- Equilibrium What type of mature loose connective tissue is located in and around nearly every body structure? - Answer- Mesenchyme (wrong) White blood cells are associated with what primary function of the blood? - Answer- Protection Four mechanisms of action to conserve heat and increase heat production in the body include vasoconstriction (blood vessels), adrenal medulla (or its hormones), thyroid gland (or its hormones), and ____________. - Answer- shivering Which cells are responsible for the growth of existing hairs? - Answer- Hair matrix When epidermal cells encounter one another, they stop migrating due to a cellular response. What is this response called? - Answer- Contact inhibition Use the image to answer the question. What is the name of the long bone that is highlighted in the image? - Answer- Humerus It is difficult to repair damage to articular cartilage because it does not contain blood vessels or a __________. - Answer- perichondrium In a(n) ________________ fracture, one side of the broken bone is forced into the interior of the other side. - Answer- impacted Flexion and extension movements usually occur along which plane? - Answer- Sagittal In the image, the letters A-D represent muscles of the shoulder that move the humerus (deep view).Which letter represents the latissimus dorsi? - Answer- D Most skeletal muscles are arranged in opposing pairs at the joints. What are the names of the opposing pairs of muscles? - Answer- Prime mover and antagonist Which of the following is the structure that divides myofibrils into sarcomeres? - Answer- Z disc In the image, the letters A-D represent the contents of the femoral triangle, which include muscles of the thigh that move the femur, tibia, and fibula.Which letter represents the sartorius muscle? - Answer- D In the image, the letters A-D represent main arteries of the head and neck. Which letter represents the right common carotid? - Answer- B (wrong) The internal jugular, external jugular, and vertebral veins drain which bodily region? - Answer- Head and neck Which of the following statements describes the arteries of the body? - Answer- They are exchange vessels that primarily function to exchange nutrients and waste between the blood and fluids in the body. (wrong) Concentrations of which electrolytes have the greatest influence on the regulation of the cardiac cycle? - Answer- Potassium, calcium, and sodium Most components of ___________ filter freely through the capillary walls to form interstitial fluid. - Answer- blood plasma Capsular extensions, called ____________, divide the lymph node into compartments, provide support, and provide a route for blood vessels into the interior of a node. - Answer- trabeculae What is considered the body's first line of defense against foreign substances? - Answer- Innate immunity What type of hypersensitive reaction usually appears 12 to 72 hours after exposure to an allergen? - Answer- Cell-mediated reaction (type IV) In the image, the letters A-D represent the anatomy of the kidney (anterior view).Which letter represents the renal hilum? - Answer- A Which of the following causes a decrease in osmolarity of interstitial fluid and plasma? - Answer- Water balance (wrong) What prevents rapid and drastic changes in the pH of body fluids by converting strong acids and bases into weak acids and bases? - Answer- Buffers What component of the fluid secreted from the bulbourethral glands is used to lubricate the end of the penis? - Answer- Mucus What helps breast milk propel toward the nipples? - Answer- Contractions of lactiferous ducts (wrong) How are the ovaries held in position? - Answer- Ligaments Two pairs of tonsils, the _______ and _______ tonsils, are found in the oropharynx. - Answer- palatine lingual Contraction of the _________ is responsible for about 75 percent of the air that enters the lungs during quiet breathing. - Answer- diaphragm At its inferior end, the laryngopharynx opens into the ___________ posteriorly and the ___________ anteriorly. - Answer- larynx, esophagus (wrong) Which layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium? - Answer- Serosa What is present all along the GI tract that protects against disease? - Answer- Mucosa- associated lymphatic tissue Which of the following is a starch-digesting enzyme found in pancreatic juice? - Answer- Pancreatic amylase Sensory impulses arrive mainly to what parts of the brains cerebral cortex? - Answer- Posterior half of both cerebral hemispheres Which of the following makes up about 80 percent of the diencephalon of the brain and is composed of paired oval masses, each with seven different regions of nuclei? - Answer- Thalamus