NURS 340 Health Assessment Exam 2 Latest 2023/2024 (Verified Answers).

NURS 340 Health Assessment Exam 2 Latest 2023/2024 (Verified Answers). Exam 2 covers chapters 11-15 in the following text: Hogan-Quigley, B., Palm, M. L., & Bickley, L. (2017). Bates’ nursing guide to physical examination and history taking (2nd ed.). Wolters Kluwer. Although an exam question may come from any part of chapters 11-15, the student should focus on the following: Chapter 11 Anatomy and physiology of the eye  Sensory organ o Spherical structure that focuses light on retina CNII optic tract visual cortex o Muscles of iris control pupillary responses o Enables vision  Cranial nerve component o CN III: oculomotor nerve = innervates the levator palpebrae muscle, which raises the upper eyelid. CN II is the optic nerve, CN IV is the trochlear nerve, and CN VI is the abducens nerve. o CN IV and VI: extraocular movements o The cranial nerves affecting the eyes and the function of each  Exam 2 Study Guide The tests used to assess the eyes (name, how it is performed, why it is used) • Equipment for examination – Snellen chart or “E” card – Rosenbaum, near-vision card – Index card – Penlight – Ophthalmoscope Visual acuity • Distal Snellen eye chart or “E” chart – Cover one eye with index card, read smallest line – Repeat with other eye – Note if testing is completed with corrective lenses – Findings recorded as fraction (numerator is distance patient is from chart, denominator is distance normal eye can read chart)- Legally blind = 20/200 or 20 degrees Near vision – Rosenbaum chart – Hold card 14 inches from patient (14/14) – Helps identify need for bifocals or reading glasses • Peripheral (visual fields) - Field defects that are all or partly temporal – Homonymous hemianopsia is a condition in which a person sees only one side―right or left―of the visual world • CVA or stroke – LEFT – Bitemporal hemianopsia, is the medical description of a type of partial blindness where vision is missing in the outer half of both the right and left visual field. – – Quadrantic hemianopia - Loss of vision in a quarter section of the visual field of one or both eyes; – Homonymous Left superior Quadrantic Defecit • Position and alignment of the eyes – Abnormal protrusion: Graves disease, ocular tumors • Eyebrows – Scaliness: seborrheic dermatitis – Lateral sparseness: hypothyroidism • Eyelids – Width of palpebral fissures Exam 2 Study Guide • Upstarting palpebral fissures: Down syndrome – Edema – Color – Lesions – Condition and direction of eyelashes – Adequacy with which eyelids close • Ptosis – drooping of upper eyelid • Lid Retraction and Exophthalmos • Entropion - eyelid is rolled inward against the eyeball • Ectropion - eyelid turns outward. • Pinguecula - yellowish, raised growth on the conjunctiva. • Episcleritis - benign, self-limiting inflammatory disease in sclera. SLE • Hordeolum (Sty) - red, painful lump near the edge of the eyelid that may look like a boil or pimple Exam 2 Study Guide • Chalazion - A slow-growing, inflammatory lump in the oil gland eyelid. • Xanthelasma - soft, yellowish, fatty deposit that forms under your skin • Dacryocystitis - infection of the tear (lacrimal) sac usually due to a blockage in the tear (nasolacrimal) duct.