HESI A2 CHEMISTRY REVIEW
Absorption - ANSthe process by which a substance is soaked up
What are Acids - ANS- act as hydrogen-ion donors
- produce H3O+ in aqueous solutions
- tast sour or tart
- most of their formulas begin with H
- relase H2 gas when reacting with active metals
- conduct electrical current
- pH is less than 7
Acidic Solution - ANSA solution with a pH lower than 7
Acid salt - ANSAn acid salt contains at least one hydrogen ion and can behave as an acid in
a chemical reaction. Acid salts are produced under conditions that do not allow the complete
neutralization of the acid
Alkali Metals - ANSElements of group 1A. Have a charge of +1. Lithium, Sodium, Potassium,
Rubidium, Cesium. React with water to form hydrogen gas and a metal hydroxide (MOH) +
H2. Also from compounds with the halogens in the form MX. Ex. NaCl.
Activation energy - ANSthe energy required to make a reaction occur. The greater the
activation energy of a reaction, the more it's reaction rate depends on temperature
Alcohol - ANSan organic compound which contains a hydroxuyl (OH) group. Ex Ethanol
CH3CH2OH). aka ethanol or grain alcohol
Alkali / Alkaline - ANSA base in a (aqueous) solution. Alkalais react with, or neutralize
hydrogen ions in acids and have a pH greater than 7.0 because they contain relatively few
hydrogen ions
Alkali metals - ANSA member of group 1 of the periodic table. ex Sodium
Alkane - ANSa hydrocarbon with no carbon to carbon multiple bonds, ex Ethane C2H6
Alkene - ANSa hydrocarbon with at least one carbon to carbon double bond, ex Ethene
C2H4
Alkyne - ANSA hydrocarbon with at least one carbon to carbon triple bond ex, Ethyne C2H4
Alloy - ANSa mixture of metal and various other elements. Ex brass is an alloy of copper and
zinc
, Anhydrous - ANSlacking water, water has been removed, for example by heating
Anion - ANSa negatively charged ion
Atmospheric pressure - ANSthe pressure exerted by the gases in the air
Atom - ANSThe smallest molecule of an element, a nucleus and its surrounding electrons
Atomic Number - ANSalso known as the proton number. The number of protons in an atom
Atomic Weight/ Atomic mass number - ANSAn average of the masses of each of the
iostopes of an element as they occur in mature. (Represents the number of protons and the
number of neutrons in an element because electrons essentially have no mass).
Base - ANS- produce OH- in solution
- taste bitter
- feel slippery
-conduct electricity
- formulas often contain OH-
- pH is greater than 7
Bond - ANSchemical bonding is either a transfer or sharing of electrons by two or more
atoms.
Strongest Chemical Bond - ANSCovalent and then Ionic
Weakest Chemical Bond - ANSHydrogen bond
Boyle's Law - ANSAt constant temperature, and for a given mass of gas, the volume of gas
is inversely proportional to the pressure that builds up
Buffer - ANSA mixture of substances in a solution that resists a change in the acididy or
alkalinity of the solution when small amounts of an acid or alkali is added
Catalyst - ANSa substance that speeds up a chemical reaction, but itself remains unaltered
at the end of the reaction
Celsius scale - ANSa temp scale on which the freezing point of water is at 0 and the normal
boiling point in standard atmosphere is 100.
Change of state - ANSa change between two of the three states of matter.
Charles Law - ANSthe volume of a given mass of gas at constant pressure is directly
proportional to it's absolute temp
Combustion Reaction - ANSThe reaction of a compound or element with oxygen. In the
combusiton of a hydrocarbon carbon dioxide and water are produced.
Absorption - ANSthe process by which a substance is soaked up
What are Acids - ANS- act as hydrogen-ion donors
- produce H3O+ in aqueous solutions
- tast sour or tart
- most of their formulas begin with H
- relase H2 gas when reacting with active metals
- conduct electrical current
- pH is less than 7
Acidic Solution - ANSA solution with a pH lower than 7
Acid salt - ANSAn acid salt contains at least one hydrogen ion and can behave as an acid in
a chemical reaction. Acid salts are produced under conditions that do not allow the complete
neutralization of the acid
Alkali Metals - ANSElements of group 1A. Have a charge of +1. Lithium, Sodium, Potassium,
Rubidium, Cesium. React with water to form hydrogen gas and a metal hydroxide (MOH) +
H2. Also from compounds with the halogens in the form MX. Ex. NaCl.
Activation energy - ANSthe energy required to make a reaction occur. The greater the
activation energy of a reaction, the more it's reaction rate depends on temperature
Alcohol - ANSan organic compound which contains a hydroxuyl (OH) group. Ex Ethanol
CH3CH2OH). aka ethanol or grain alcohol
Alkali / Alkaline - ANSA base in a (aqueous) solution. Alkalais react with, or neutralize
hydrogen ions in acids and have a pH greater than 7.0 because they contain relatively few
hydrogen ions
Alkali metals - ANSA member of group 1 of the periodic table. ex Sodium
Alkane - ANSa hydrocarbon with no carbon to carbon multiple bonds, ex Ethane C2H6
Alkene - ANSa hydrocarbon with at least one carbon to carbon double bond, ex Ethene
C2H4
Alkyne - ANSA hydrocarbon with at least one carbon to carbon triple bond ex, Ethyne C2H4
Alloy - ANSa mixture of metal and various other elements. Ex brass is an alloy of copper and
zinc
, Anhydrous - ANSlacking water, water has been removed, for example by heating
Anion - ANSa negatively charged ion
Atmospheric pressure - ANSthe pressure exerted by the gases in the air
Atom - ANSThe smallest molecule of an element, a nucleus and its surrounding electrons
Atomic Number - ANSalso known as the proton number. The number of protons in an atom
Atomic Weight/ Atomic mass number - ANSAn average of the masses of each of the
iostopes of an element as they occur in mature. (Represents the number of protons and the
number of neutrons in an element because electrons essentially have no mass).
Base - ANS- produce OH- in solution
- taste bitter
- feel slippery
-conduct electricity
- formulas often contain OH-
- pH is greater than 7
Bond - ANSchemical bonding is either a transfer or sharing of electrons by two or more
atoms.
Strongest Chemical Bond - ANSCovalent and then Ionic
Weakest Chemical Bond - ANSHydrogen bond
Boyle's Law - ANSAt constant temperature, and for a given mass of gas, the volume of gas
is inversely proportional to the pressure that builds up
Buffer - ANSA mixture of substances in a solution that resists a change in the acididy or
alkalinity of the solution when small amounts of an acid or alkali is added
Catalyst - ANSa substance that speeds up a chemical reaction, but itself remains unaltered
at the end of the reaction
Celsius scale - ANSa temp scale on which the freezing point of water is at 0 and the normal
boiling point in standard atmosphere is 100.
Change of state - ANSa change between two of the three states of matter.
Charles Law - ANSthe volume of a given mass of gas at constant pressure is directly
proportional to it's absolute temp
Combustion Reaction - ANSThe reaction of a compound or element with oxygen. In the
combusiton of a hydrocarbon carbon dioxide and water are produced.
