Bio 250 Exam 2 || with Error-free Solutions.

What is relative fitness? correct answers the survival and/or reproductive rate of a genotype (or phenotype) relative to the maximum survival and/or reproductive rate of other genotypes in the population. Name the obstacles of passing on genes (agents of selection) correct answers Survival: find food, avoid predators/parasites, compete/cooperate with others, protection from the elements Reproduction: find mate, surplus of energy to make offspring, care for offspring, defend mating territory Define putative adaptation correct answers A trait or characteristic that seems like an adaptation but doesn't yet have supporting evidence What are the 4 different types of studies? correct answers Observational study/natural experiment Controlled experiment Comparative methods Computer simulation Understand the Human Adaptation to High Elevation correct answers Increased breathing in tibet Increased RBCs in Andes Tibetan women have 2 alleles for high blood-oxygen content/capacity Understand bat comparative method correct answers Testis size should increase as a positive function of group size. They compared species incorrectly and really only had two data points. Could compare those that branch off from each other. What is Phenotypic Plasticity? correct answers Variation, under environmental influence, in the phenotype associated with a genotype What are the tradeoffs to human birth? correct answers According to the Obstetrical hypothesis, neonate head size should be large but pelvis must be small to walk or run efficiently Explain Phylogenetic constraints correct answers Each species, population, individual inherits a 'history'. What is the phylogenetic legacy humans have from a quadrupedal common ancestor Yesterday's adaptation is today's constraint. Why haven't birds evolved live birth? Explain Developmental constraints correct answers Major body plans, developmental pathways, ect. Determine many traits. Allowing only certain options upon which selection can operate What are the strategies for asking interesting evolutionary medicine questions? correct answers Study natural history Question conventional wisdom Question assumptions underlying popular hypotheses