NDAEB 3.0 Clinical Support Procedures Questions with Answers, A+

Acquired Immunity - Immunity that is developed during a person's lifetime. Acute Infection - An infection of short duration that is often severe. Anaphylaxis - Extreme hypersensitivity to a substance that can lead to shock and life-threatening respiratory collapse. Artificially Acquired Immunity - Immunity that results from a vaccination. Blood-borne Disease - Disease such as HBV, HCV, or HIV infection that is caused by microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are carried in blood. Blood-Borne Pathogens - Disease-causing organisms transferred through contact with blood or other body fluids. Chain of Infection - Conditions that all must be present for infection to occur. Communicable Disease - Condition caused by an infection that can be spread from person to person or through contact with body fluids. Contaminated Waste - Items such as gloves and patient napkins that may contain potentially infectious body fluids of patients. Direct Contact - Touching or contact with a patient's blood or saliva. Droplet Infection - An infection that occurs through mucosal surfaces of the eyes, nose, or mouth. Epidemiological Studies - Studies of the patterns and causes of diseases. Hazardous Waste - Waste that poses a danger to humans or to the environment. Infection Control - Policies and practices designed to prevent the spread of infectious agents. Infection Prevention - Ultimate goal of all infection control procedures and policies. Infectious Disease - Disease that is communicable. Infectious Waste - Waste that is capable of transmitting an infectious disease. Inherited Immunity - Immunity that is present at birth. Latent Infection - Persistent infection with recurrent symptoms that "come and go". Naturally Acquired Immunity - Immunity that occurs when a person has contracted and is recovering form a disease. Occupational Exposure - Any reasonably anticipated skin, eye, or mucous membrane contact or percutaneous injury involving blood or another potentially infectious materials. OSHA Blood-borne Pathogens Standard - Guidelines designed to protect employees against occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens. Pathogen - Disease-causing organism. Percutaneous - Through the skin, such as with a needle stick, cut, or human bite. Permucosal - Contact with mucous membranes, such as the eyes or mouth. Personal Protective Equipment - Items such as proactive clothing masks, gloves, and eyewear used to protect employees. Sharps - Pointed or cutting instruments, including needles, scalpel blades, orthodontic wires, and endodontic instruments. Standard Precautions - Standard of care designed to protect healthcare providers from pathogens that can be spread by blood or any other body fluid via excretion or secretion. Universal Precautions - Guidelines based on treating all human blood and body fluids as potentially infectious. Virulence - Strength of pathogen's ability to cause disease, AKA pathogenicity. Antiseptic - Substance for killing microorganisms on the skin. Bioburden - Blood, saliva, and other body fluids. Broad-spectrum Activity - Capable of killing a wide range of microbes. Chlorine Dioxide - Effective, rapid-acting environmental surface disinfectant or chemical sterilant. Clinical Contact Surface - Surface touched by contaminated hands, instruments or spatter during dental treatment. Disinfectant - Chemical used to reduce or lower the numbers of microorganisms on inanimate objects. Environmental Surface - Surface within a healthcare facility that is not directly involved in patient care, but that may become contaminated during the course of treatment. Fungicidal - A product that is capable of killing fungi.