UTA Arlington, Advanced Pharmacology 5334, FNP

Why do many medications lack pediatric dosing information in their drug labeling? - There is a lack of evidence-based literature on the safe and effective use of medications in children. Why are Neonates at greater risk for toxicity with highly protein-bound drugs? - Protein binding is decreased in neonates increasing the amount of free drug available. At what age are adult levels of renal function achieved? - 12 months What is the most accurate device for measuring a 2.5 mL dose for a child? - An oral syringe Digoxin pediatric solution is available in a concentration of 50 mcg/mL. If a child weighs 10 pounds and has an order for 10 mcg/kg/day, how much should be dispensed for a 30 day supply? - 27 mL 10 ÷ 2.2 = 4.54 kg X 10 mcg + 45. 4 mcg per day; 45.4÷50 = .9 mL; 0.9 X 30 days = 27 mL You order cephalexin 375 by mouth Q 12 hours. If you are going to order the cephalexin 125 mg/ 5 mL, what instructions do you write on the sig? - Give 15 mL by mouth every twelve hours. How do you help prevent medication errors? • A. Use zero after decimal point • B. Write out the term daily • C. Abbreviate every 12 hours to bid • D. Do not use a zero before a decimal point - B. Write out the term daily Drug sensitivity in the very young results largely from organ________, whereas drug sensitivity in the elderly results from organ_____________. - immaturity, degeneration In determining the intensity of response of a drug in a pediatric patient, organ immaturity puts patient at risk for _________ and _________ - elevated drug levels and delayed elimination In pediatric patients gastric acidity does not reach adult values for ______ - 2 years. In the pediatric population, adverse reactions to fluoroquinolones may cause - Tendon rupture Nalidixic acid may cause _______in children - Cartilage erosion You prescribe acetaminophen elixir OTC for a baby that weighs 12 lbs. Reference recommends 10/mg/kg/dose. Drug is available in an oral solution 160 mg/5mL. How many mLs would you prescribe? - 1.7 mL You are ordering cefaclor for a child 16 months old that weighs 15 kg. Reference recommends a total daily dose of 20-40 mg/kg in divided doses q 12 hours. What is the dose? - 150-300mg PO q12 hours The principles underlying complication to drug therapy in the elderly include___, ____, ____, and ____. - altered pharmacokinetics, multiple and severe illnesses, multiple-drug therapy, and poor adherence. Altered absorption of drugs in the elderly may result in____ drug response. - delayed The four major factors that can alter drug distribution in the elderly include _, _, _, and _? - increased body fat decreased percentage of lean body mass decreased total body water reduced concentration of serum albumin